3L 


UC-NRLF 


GIFT  OF 


Pocket  Lift  of  Birds 


-OF- 


EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 


ALBERT  P.  MORSE 

Curator  of  Natural  Hiftory, 

PEABODY  MUSEUM, 
SALEM,  MASS, 


oc 
O 

X 


A  POCKET  LIST 


Birds  of  Eastern  Massachusetts 


•A  rill    ESPECIAL    REFERENCE   TO 


ESSEX  COUNTY 


ALBERT  P.  MORSE 

Curator  of  Natural  History,  Peabody  Museum,  Salem;  Curator  of  Zoology 

Museum  and  Lecturer  on  Economic  Entomology, 

Wellesley  College,  Wellesley. 

Author  of  "Annotated  List  of  Birds  of  Wellesley  and  Vicinity," 

"  New  England  Acridiidae,"  "  Researches  on 

North  American  Acridiidae,"  etc. 


•  ••.•••     •  .•.  ••• 

•  •  •••••• 

•  •  •  v  •    •  • 

"    •  Published 


^o^Y  lot         Sfc»Afc.*. 
*•*•••       •  •          ••••>•"   •   • 

•     *     •'  'SALEM,  VA§S. 


1912 


Copyright  by 

Peabody  Academy  of  Science 
1912. 


Pren  of  Newcomb  &  Gauss 
Salem,  Mass, 


PREFACE. 

This  List  of  the  Birds  of  Eastern  Massachusetts  has  been 
prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Museum  Committee  of  the 
Peabody  Academy  of  Science  with  the  intention  of  encour- 
aging a  legitimate  popular  interest  in  an  exceedingly 
attractive  and  economically  valuable  group  of  the  local 
fauna.  Of  the  species  mentioned  in  the  List  all  but  about 
fifty  have  been  recorded  from  Essex  County  and  a  very 
large  proportion  of  them  are  on  exhibition  in  the  Museum, 
where  they  may  be  seen  daily  by  everyone  interested. 

It  is  very  much  desired  to  obtain  for  the  Museum  as  com- 
plete a  representation  as  possible  of  the  native  fauna  and  it 
is  hoped  that  all  persons  having  an  opportunity  to  secure 
local  examples  of  species  not  in  its  collection,  will  aid  in 
so  doing.  Records  of  species  new  to  the  Essex  County  fauna 
or  to  the  district  treated  in  this  List  will  also  be  welcomed 
by  the  author. 


239447 


CONTENTS. 

PREFACE. 

INTRODUCTION. 

LIST  OF  BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS. 

INDEX. 

SEASONAL  CHARTS. 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  purpose  of  this  little  work  is  to  provide  the  bird- 
student  in  eastern  Massachusetts  with  a  handy  pocket 
reminder  of  "  what,  when,  and  where"  to  seek.  To  this 
end  the  booklet  is  made  as  compact  as  possible,  with 
sufficient  blank  space  for  brief  notes,  and  follows  the  gen- 
eral plan  of  a  previous  one  by  the  same  author  (Annotated 
List  of  Birds  of  Wellesley  and  vicinity)  covering  a  much 
smaller  area. 

Its  field  is  all  of  Massachusetts  east  of  the  lowlands 
along  the  Connecticut  River,  including  Worcester  county 
and  all  that  part  of  the  State  east  there-of,  the  off-shore 
islands  and  the  coastal  waters.  It  is  prepared,  however, with 
particular  reference  to  the  local  records  and  other  features 
of  especial  interest  to  residents,  temporary  or  permanent, 
of  the  county  of  Essex. 

This  is  not  the  place  for  a  detailed  discussion  of  the 
avifauna  of  the  district  as  a  whole  or  that  of  Essex  county 
in  particular.  For  such,  the  student  should  consult  Howe 
and  Allen's  "  Birds  of  Massachusetts"  and  Townsend's 
"  Birds  of  Essex  County"  respectively.  A  few  brief  state- 
ments, however,  are  permissible. 

As  will  be  readily  appreciated,  the  district  as  a  whole  is 
by  no  means  a  homogeneous  one.  Three  general  subdi- 
visions may  be  recognized:  (1)  the  immediate  sea-shore, 
with  its  wealth  of  marine  and  coastwise  'water-birds;  (2) 
the  main  mass  of  the  land  area,  lying  in  the  lower  transi- 
tion life  zone,  its  southern  part  showing  distinct  austral 
tendencies;  and  (3)  the  highlands  of  Worcester  county  in 
the  northern  and  western  part  (Princeton,  Winchendon, 
etc.),  culminating  in  Mt.  Wachusett  (2018  feet),  and  char- 


O  INTRODUCTION 

acterized  by  a  distinctly  more  boreal  facies.  This  boreal 
element  is  also  found  in  the  cold  bogs  and  swamps  of  the 
lower  levels  to  the  eastward. 

Placed  as  it  is  on  the  shore  of  the  North  Atlantic  Ocean, 
with  the  long  arm  of  Cape  Cod  and  the  neighboring  islands 
reaching  far  out  into  the  sea,  an  exceptional  number  of 
sea  and  shore  birds  might  confidently  be  expected;  while 
the  mainland  part  of  the  district,  lying  adjacent  to  the 
coast,  naturally  becomes  an  important  migration  route  for 
the  land  birds.  The  sea  also  acts  as  a  barrier  to  limit  the 
eastward  flight  of  wanderers  from  the  West,  South  and 
North.  These  facts,  combined  with  the  populous  charac- 
ter of  the  district,  which  probably  contains  a  larger  num- 
ber of  people  interested  in  bird  life,  either  as  sportsmen, 
students,  or  nature-lovers,  than  any  district  of  equal  size 
in  the  country  in  proportion  its  population,  naturally 
result  in  a  a  very  full  and  general  knowledge  of  the  native 
bird  life  of  the  district,  and  the  speedy  detection  of  wan- 
derers whenever  they  appear. 

Essex  County,  with  its  coastal  waters,  shares  the  charac- 
teristics of  the  district  as  a  whole  in  a  marked  degree, 
though  lacking  any  elevation  of  special  note.  The  county 
is  of  particular  interest  ornithologically  for  being  the  scene 
of  ]the  discovery  of  the  Ipswich  Sparrow,  a  bird  with 
exceptionally  interesting  geographical  distribution.  The 
county  also  forms  apparently  the  northeastern  limit  of  the 
breeding  range  of  several  species,  e.  g.,  the  Long-billed 
Marsh  Wren,  Orchard  Oriole,  and  Yellow-breasted  Chat. 
For  a  full  treatment  of  the  ornithological  features  of  the 
county,  the  reader  should  consult  the  work  previously 
cited. 

The  List  contains  390  species  and  subspecies.  Of  these 
three  are  probably  or  certainly  extinct;  several  more  are 
extirpated;  three  are  believed  to  be  hybrids;  five  or  six 
are  known  or  believed  to  have  been  introduced;  of  about 


INTRODUCTION  7 

375  remaining,  165  are  popularly  distinguished  as  water- 
birds  and  210  are  land-birds.  Of  these,  29  water-birds  and 
37  land-birds  are  accidental  wanderers  from  various  points 
of  the  compass,  chiefly  from  the  West  and  South;  30  more 
are  of  decided  rarity,  leaving  about  280  species  of  some- 
what regular  occurrence,  of  which  about  three-sevenths  are 
water-birds,  a  relatively  large  proportion  due  to  the  coast- 
wise situation. 

For  the  convenience  and  better  information  of  the  user 
of  the  list,  the  extinct  and  extirpated  species,  hybrids  or 
problematical  forms,  and  introduced  species  which  now 
form  an  integral  part  of  our  avifauna,  have  been  inserted 
in  their  systematic  places,  as  nearly  as  possible. 

The  sequence  of  species  is  that  of  the  checklist  of  the 
American  Ornithologists'  Union,  3rd  edition,  revised,  pub- 
lished in  1910.  Under  each  species  is  given  the  checklist 
number,  for  easy  reference;  one  or  more  vernacular  names, 
that  standing  first  being  the  one  adopted  by  the  A.  O.  U.; 
the  scientific  name  as  given  in  the  checklist,  accented  for 
the  benefit  of  those  whose  memory  is  short  or  classical 
training  imperfect;  notes  relating  to  numerical  abundance 
and  seasonal  distribution— whether  resident,  migrant,  or 
otherwise;  the  dates  between  which  the  species  has  been 
observed  here;  its  preferred  haunts;  and  the  location  of  the 
nest  and  time  when  eggs  have  been  found,  if  it  breeds. 

These  data  have  been  compiled  from  a  variety  of  pub- 
lished sources  and  from  considerable  personal  observation 
in  many  parts  of  the  territory  covered.  The  dates  of  arriv- 
al and  departure  are  in  the  main  those  given  for  the  State 
by  Dr.  G.  M.  Allen  in  his  New  England  list  published  by 
the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History  in  1910.  These 
have  been  modified,  however,  in  numerous  instances,  with 
reference  to  the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  from  other 
sources,  notably  Mr.  William  Brewster's  "  Birds  of  the  Cam- 
bridge Region"  and  Dr.  C.  W.  Townsend's  4<  Birds  of  Essex 
County,"  and  from  personal  and  other  memoranda. 


8  INTRODUCTION 

In  explanation  of  the  typography  used  in  connection 
with  the  dates  it  may  be  well  to  state  that  extreme  or 
unusual  dates  are  commonly  cut  off  from  the  usual  by 
parentheses.  Thus  "  May  5)  10  -  25  (June  3;  Aug.  26)  Sept. 
10  -  Oct.  11  (Nov.  3"  indicates  that  while  the  species  usually 
appears  about  May  10  in  the  spring  and  Sept.  10  in  the 
fall,  and  disappears  by  May  25  and  Oct.  11,  yet  individuals 
have  been  observed  as  early  as  May  5  and  Aug.  26,  and  as 
late  as  June  3  and  Nov.  3. 

The  seasonal  chart  is  based  on  the  dates  given  in  the 
text.  To  find  out  what  birds  may  be  expected  to  occur  at 
a  given  time  take  the  vertical  line  at  the  approximate  date 
desired  and  follow  it  downward;  it  will  cross  the  seasonal 
distribution  lines  of  all  species  likely  to  be  found  here  at 
that  time.  A  dotted  seasonal  line  indicates  marked  irreg- 
ularity or  uncertainty  of  occurrence ;  a  continuous  one, 
strong  probability  or  certainty.  It  should  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  dates  given  are  for  the  entire  eastern  part  of 
the  State.  As  a  rule,  dates  of  arrival  during  the  north- 
ward movement  will  be  somewhat  (2-5  days)  later  in  the 
northern  part  of  the  district  (e.  g.,  Essex  Co.)  than  in  the 
southern,  and  vice  versa.  In  the  southward  movement, 
more  variability  may  be  expected  in  dates  both  of  arrival 
and  departure,  but  especially  the  latter. 

Acknowledgment  has  already  been  made  at  the  proper 
places  of  indebtedness  to  certain  sources  of  published 
information  :  to  these  should  be  added  the  files  of  the 
u  Auk."  In  addition  I  wish  to  express  my  obligations  to 
Dr.  C.  W.  Townsend  for  several  notes  and  records  secured 
since  the  publication  of  his  *'  Birds  of  Essex  County" 
(accredited  to  C.  W.  T.  in  list);  to  Mr.  H.  C.  Farwell  of 
Salem  for  his  notes  on  the  Egret  at  Newbury  in  1911  ;  and 
to  Mr.  C.  R.  Lamb  for  his  exceptionally  early  record  of 
the  Shoveler.  Above  all,  my  thanks  are  due  to  Dr.  G.  M. 
Allen  for  his  numerous  helpful  suggestions  and  for  reading 
the  manuscript. 


INTRODUCTION  9 

A  word  may  not  be  amiss  relative  to  the  frontispiece, 
from  a  photograph  of  Egg  Rock,  taken  from  the  Nahant 
shore.  This  rocky  islet  is  of  ornithological  interest,  like 
many  others  off  our  shores,  doubtless  having  acquired  its 
name  from  being  the  nesting-site  of  several  species  of  terns 
or  "  Mackerel  Gulls."  The  picture  also  shows  well  the 
rugged  character  of  much  of  the  "  North  Shore." 


LIST  or  BIRDS 

OF 
EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS. 


M.— Migrant;  R.— Resident;  V.— Visitor;  S.  R.— Summer  Resident; 
W.  R.— Winter  Resident;  etc. 

*  not  recorded  from  Essex  Co. ;  t  extinct  species ;  f]  introduced  spe- 
cies. 


COLYMBIDJE.     GREBES. 

2.  Holboell's  Grebe;  Red-Necked  Grebe— Col- 
ymbus   holbcelii   (Reinhardt).      Uncommon  M.   and    W.  R. 
coastwise;  rare  inland.  (Sept.)  Oct.  10  -  May  24.  Rivers  and 
lakes,  but  especially  along  the  seaboard. 

3.  Horned  Grebe ;  "Devil-diver;"  "Hell-diver" 
— Colymbus    auritus   Linne.      Common   W.  R.    coastwise, 
near  rocky  shores;  scarce  M.  inland.     Oct.  1  -May  6. 

6.  Pied-billed    Grebe ;      "  Dipper  "—Podilymbus 
podiceps  (Linne).     Migrant,  rare  in  spring,  common  in  au- 
tumn; rare  and  local  S.  R.;   accidental   in   winter.     (Feb.) 
Mar.  1  -  Dec.  10.     Fresh  water — rivers,  ponds  and  swamps. 
Nest   of  water-soaked  vegetation  in  sjiallow  water,  some- 
times floating.  Eggs,  April  23  -  June  28. 

GAVIID^E.     LOONS. 

7,  JLoon ;   Great  Northern  Diver— Gavia   immer 
(Briinnich).     Common  M.  and  W.  R.  coastwise;  a  few  non- 
breeding  birds  pass  the  summer.     Scarce  M. ;  formerly  and 
possibly  still  a  local  S.  R.  inland.     Sept.  1  -  June  5.     Sea- 
coast  and  fresh  water  lakes.     Nest  on  shore  of  lake. 

9.  Black-throated  Loon — Gavia  drctica  (Linne*). 
Very  rare  W.  V.  from  North;  doubtfully  recorded. 

1 1.  Red- throated  Loon ;  Red-throated  Diver ; 
"  Scape- grace"—  Gavia  stelldta  (Pontoppidan).  Common 
fall  M.  and  W.  R.;  uncommon  in  spring;  casual  in  summer. 
Aug.  27  -  April  8  (July  2.  Salt  water  mainly,  rarely  on  lakes. 


12  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

ALGID AE.     AUKS,  MURBES,  AND  PUFFINS. 

13.    Puffin;  "Sea  Parrot;"  "Paroqueet"— Fra 

tercula  drctic.a  arctica  (Linne).  Uncommon  W.  V.  off  rock; 
eastern  shores.  Oct.  16  -  Mar. 

27.  Black  Guillemot;  "  Sea  -Pigeon"— Cepp  hu, 
grylle  (Linne*).  Uncommon  W.  V.  off  eastern  coast,  rareb 
south  to  Woods  Hole.  Sept.-April  19  (May).  Not  uncom 
mon  off  rocky  shores  of  Cape  Ann  and  Nahant. 

*3O.  Murre ;  Guillemot— Uria  troille  troille  (Linne) 
Very  rare  W.  V.  off  eastern  coast. 

31.  Briinnich's  Murre;  Murre;  Ice-bird—  Uri( 
lomvia  (Linne).     Uncommon  W.  V. -coastwise;  occasiona 
inland.    Nov.  21  -  March  15  (April  15).    Not  uncommon  of 
rocky  headlands  of  Essex  Co. 

32.  Razor-billed  Auk ;  "  Tinker ;"  "  Ice-bird ' 
— Alca  torda   Linne.      Scarce   and  irregular  W.  V.  coast 
wise.     Nov.  22  -  Feb.  11  (April  15). 

t33.  Great  Auk ;  Gare-fowl — Plautus  impenni 
(Linne).  Extinct;  formerly  a  common  W.  V.  coastwise 
Its  bones  have  been  found  in  the  shell-heaps  at  Ipswich. 

34.  Dovekie ;  Little  Auk ;  Sea  Dove— Alle  all 
(Linne).  Common  W.  V.  off-shore;  sometimes  plentiful  01 
the  coast,  casual  inland.  (Sept.)  Nov.  4  -  May  1. 

STEBCOBABIID^E.     SKUAS  AND  JAEGERS. 

*35.  Skua ;  •«  Sea-lien"— M&galestris  skua  (Briinnich. 
Rare  V.  off  shore;  casual  on  Georges  Bank  and  Nantucke 
Shoals.  July -Oct. 

3O.  Pornarine  Jaeger — Stercordrius  pomarinu 
(Temminck).  Scarce  M.  May;  July  5  -  Sept.  28.  Coast 
wise  waters  and  estuaries. 

37.  Parasitic  Jaeger;  " Marlinspike ;"  "Sea 
hen ;"  Robber  Gtull—Stercorarius  parasiticus  (Linne) 
Scarce  M.  and  S.  V.  coastwise;   rare  in  winter.     May  31 
Oct.  14  (Jan.,  Feb.).     t;  Common  M."  in  Essex  Co. 

38.  Long-tailed  Jaeger— Stercorarius  longicaudu 
Vieillot.     Rare  M.     Spring;  Aug.  24- Sept.  29. 

LABID.E.     GULLS  AND  TEBNS. 

*39.     Ivory  GrUll—Pagophila  alba  (Gunnerus).     Acci 
dental  W.  V.  off-shore.     Monomoy  Id.,  Dec.  1. 
4O.    Kittiwake;  "  Pinny  Owl;"  •«  Winter  Gull.' 

triddctyta  tridactyla  (Linne).     Common  fall  M.  am 


14  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

W.  R.  off -shore;  frequent  along  shore;  casual  inland.   Sept. 
6 -Mar.  10. 

42.  Glaucous  Guil;  Burgomaster — Ldrus  hyper- 
boreus  Gunnerus.     Rare   W.  V.  coastwise.     Nov.  29  -  April 
23  (Jan.  7  -  May  26,  Ipswich). 

43.  Iceland  Gull— Larus  leucopterus  Faber.     Rare 
W.  V.  coastwise.     Nov.  4  -  April  17. 

45.  Kumlien's  Gull— Larus  kumlieni  Brewster.  Rare 
W.  V.  coastwise.  Oct.  27 -Mar.  13.  Plum  Id.,  Swamp- 
scott,  Boston,  Plymouth. 

47.  Great  Black-backed  Gull ;  "  Saddle-back." 
Larus  marinus  Linne".  Common  W.  R.  coastwise  ;  a  few 
pass  the  summer.  Late  Aug.  -  May  1  (summer).  Common 
along  the  coast  and  in  adjacent  inland  waters. 

51.  Herring  Gull ;  "  Gray  Gull."— Larus  argentd- 
tus  Pontoppidan.  Abundant  M.  and  W.  R.  coastwise;  less 
numerous  in  summer.  A  useful  scavenger  of  the  harbors 
of  the  coast  and  adjacent  inland  waters. 

54.  Ring-billed  Gull— Larus  delawarensis  Ord.  Not 
uncommon  M.  coastwise;  casual  inland.  Spring;  July  17  - 
Oct.  30;  probably  in  winter. 

58.  laughing  Gull— Larus  atricilla  Linne.  Rare  V. 
or  M.  in  Essex  Co.  (a  breeding  colony  in  Maine);  scarce 
S.  R.  south  of  Cape  Cod  (Muskeget  Id.)  May  7-  Oct.  (Nov. 
Eggs,  June  7  -  July  10. 

6O.  Bonaparte's  Gull — Larus  Philadelphia  (Ord). 
Common  M.  and  rare  W.  R.  coastwise;  casual  on  inland 
waters.  Mar.  10- June  3;  July  24  -  Nov.  25;  winter. 

*62.  Sabine's  Gull ;  Fork- tailed  Gull— Xema  sdbi- 
ni  (J.  Sabine).  Casual  coastwise  M.  Aug.  -  Sept. 

63.  Gull-billed  Tern  ;  Marsh  Tern— Gelochelidon 
nilotica  (Linne).     Accidental  from  South.     One  instance: 
Ipswich,  Sept. 

64.  Caspian  Tern— Sterna  cdspia  Pallas.  Rare  spring 
and  not  uncommon  fall  M.  coastwise.    Early  May;  Aug.  8  - 
Sept.  26. 

65.  Royal  Tern—  Sterna  maxima  Boddaert.     Acci- 
dental V.  coastwise  from  South.     July;  Ipswich,  Chatham, 
Nantucket. 

*67,  Cabot's  Tern—  Sterna  sandvicensis  acufldoida 
(Cabot).  Accidental  from  South.  Aug.,  Oct.  Chatham; 
Monomoy  Id. 

69.  Forster's  Tern—  Sterna  forsteri  Nuttall.  Very 
rare  fall  M.  from  West.  Aug.  -Oct.  2. 


16  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

70.  Common  Tern ;  "  Wilson's  Tern ;"  "  Mack- 
erel Gull" — Sterna  hirundo  Linne.     Abundant  M.  and  lo- 
cally common  S.  R.  coastwise;  casual  inland;  accidental  in 
winter  (Woods  Hole,  Jan.,  Feb.).     May  1  -  Oct.  30  (winter). 
Breeds  on  Milk  Id.,  off  Cape  Ann. 

71.  Arctic  Tern — Sterna  paradiscea  Briinnich.     Un- 
common local  S.  R.  coastwise  (Muskeget  Id.);    casual  in- 
land.    May-  Oct.     In  Essex  Co.  an  uncommon  M.,  former- 
ly S.  R.  at  Ipswich  dunes  and  Beverly  harbor.     Nest  on 
ground. 

72.  Roseate  Tern—  Sterna  dougalli  Montagu.     Lo- 
cally common  S.  R.  coastwise   in  southern   Mass.    May  1- 
Oct.  4.     In  Essex  Co.    now  a  rare  migrant  (to  Sable  Id.), 
formerly  S.  R.  on  islets  at  Beverly  and  Nahant.     Nest  on 
ground.     Eggs,  May  20  -  July  30. 

74.  Least  Tern — Sterna    antilldrum    (Lesson).     Un- 
common S.  R.  coastwise  from  Cape  Cod  south;  casual  else- 
where.    Formerly  bred  at  Ipswich.     April  27)  May  4 -Oct. 
Nest  on  ground.     Eggs,  May  31  -  June  29. 

75.  Sooty  Tern— Sterna  fuscdta  Linne.     Accidental 
from  South.     Lawrence,  Oct.  29;  Chatham,  Sept. 

77.  Black  Tern — Hydrochelidon  nigra  surinamensis 
(Grmelin).  Rare  spring  and  not  uncommon  fall  coastwise 
V.  from  West;  casual  inland.  June  7-  10;  (July  11)  Aug. 
8  -  Sept.  26. 

RYNCHOPIDJE.     SKIMMERS.     • 

*8O.  Black  Skimmer—  Rynchops  nigra  Linne*.  Oc- 
casional S.  V.  from  South  coastwise;  casual  inland.  July 
16 -Aug.  19. 

PROCELLARIID^E.  FULMARS,  SHEARWATERS,  AND  PETRELS. 

*86.  Fulmar  ;  Noddy — Fulmdrus  glacidlis  glacialis 
(Linne).  Rare  fall  and  W.  V.  from  North  off-shore.  Georges 
Bank.  Oct.  28  -  winter. 

*88.  Cory's  Shearwater— Puffinus  boredlis  Cory. 
Uncommon  S.  and  fall  V.  off-shore.  Aug.  2  -  Nov. 

89.  Greater  Shearwater;  Hag;  Hagdon— Puf- 
finus  grdvis  (O'Reilly).  Common  S.  V.  off  the  coast;  casual 
inland.  May  26  -  Nov. 

95.  Sooty  Shearwater;  Black  Hag" — Puffinus 
griseus  (Gmelin).  Not  uncommon  summer  and  fall  V.  from 
Southern  Hemisphere  off-shore.  (Mar.)  July -Oct. 


18       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

1O6.    Leach's  Petrel ;  Mother  Carey's  Chicken 

—Oceanodroma  leucorhoa  (Vieillot).  Common  M.  off-shore; 
occasional  inland  on  lakes  in  fall.  (Breeds  on  Maine  coast.) 
June  21;  Sept.  1  -  Nov.  25. 
1O9.    Wilson's  Petrel ;  Mother  Carey's  Chicken 

—Oceanites  ocednicus  (Kuhl).  Common  S.  V.  off-shore 
from  Southern  Hemisphere.  June  17  -  Sept.  23.  Rarely 
approaches  land.  (Breeds  on  Antarctic  islands.) 

SULID^E.     GANNETS. 

*115.  Booby;  Booby  Gannet— Sula  leucogdstra 
(Boddaert).  Accidental  from  South.  Cape  Cod.  Sept. 

117.  Gannet ;  Solan  Goose—  Sula  bassdna  (Linne). 
Common  M.  coastwise,  especially  in  fall.  Mar.  26  -  June  7; 
Aug.  3  -  Dec.  21. 

PHALACROCORACID^E.     CORMORANTS. 

119.  Cormorant ;  Shag1 — Phalacrocorax  cdrbo  (Lin- 
ne").     Uncommon   M.   and   rare  W.  R.  coastwise.     April - 
May  14;  Sept.  22- Nov.  (winter).     Salt  water  mainly. 

120.  Double-crested  Cormorant— Phalacrocorax 
auritus  auritus  (Lesson).    Common  M.  coastwise,  casual  in- 
land.    April  4  -  June  18  (July  7;  Aug.  22  -  Nov.  24. 

PELECANID^E.     PELICANS. 

125.  White  Pelican— Pelecdnus  evythrorhynchos 
Gmelin.  Accidental  from  South.  May;  Oct.  Gloucester, 
N.  Scituate,  Sandwich. 

*126.  Brown  Pelican— Pelecanus  occidentdlis~Liun£. 
Accidental  from  South,  coastwise.  Nantucket,  about  1867 
(Ipswich?). 

FREGATID^E.     FRIGATE-BIRDS. 

*128.  Man-o'- war-bird;  Frigate-bird— Fregdta 
dquila  (Linne).  Accidental  from  South,  coastwise.  Autumn. 

ANATID^E.     DUCKS,  GEESE,  AND  SWANS. 

129.  Merganser;  Goosander;  Pond  Shel- 
drake— Mergus  americdnus  Cassin.  Not  uncommon  M.  and 
frequent  W.  R. ;  most  plentiful  in  spring.  Oct.  12  •  May 
(summer).  Frequents  especially  the  freshwater  lakes  and 
larger  streams  but  is  also  found  in  small  numbers  at  river- 
mouths  along-shore  in  salt  water. 


20       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

130.  Red -breasted  Merganser — Mergus  serrdtor 
Linne.    Abundant  M.  and  common  W.  K.  coastwise;  casual 
inland;  a  few  spend  the  summer  off-shore.     Sept.  23)  Oct. 
7-  Dec.;  winter;  Mar.  -May  1  (20;  summer.     Chiefly  in  salt 
water. 

131.  Hooded   Merganser — Lophodytes    cuculldtus 
(Linne*).     Scarce  M.     Mar.  18  -  April  18;  Aug.  11)  Oct.  7- 
Nov.    30   (Dec.   22.     Fresh  water  mainly,   often   in  small 
streams.     Said  to  be  decreasing  in  numbers. 

132.  Mallard— Anas  platyhyrnchos  Linne*.     In  Essex 
Co.  an  uncommon  and  irregular  M.  and  rare  W.  R. ;  more 
common  in  southeastern  part  of  the  State.     Mar.  -  May  1 ; 
Sept.  22  -  Dec.  (Jan.).     Rivers,  ponds,  and  sea-coast. 

133.  Black  Duck;   Dusky  Duck— ^.nas  rubripes 
Brewster.     Common,  sometimes  abundant,    M.  and  W.  R. 
coastwise;  common  but  local  S.  R.  inland.  Breeds  in  Essex 
Co.     Nest  on  ground  in  grassy  marshes.     Eggs,  April  19  - 
May.     Frequents  both  salt  and  fresh  water;  in  spring  and 
summer  the  salt  marshes  at  night,  fresh  marshes  by  day; 
in  winter  often  roosts  upon  the  sea-beach. 

135.  Gadwall;  Gray  Duck—  Chauleldsmus  streperus 
(Linne*).     Rare  M.     [Mar.  -May]  Oct.  2  -Nov.  1.   Fresh  and 
salt  waters. 

136.  European  Widgeon— Mareca  penelope  (Lin- 
ne").   Accidental  from   Europe.     Several  records  for  the 
State.    Oct. ;  Dec. 

137.  Baldpate ;    American    Widgeon — Mareca 
americdna  (Gmelin).     Uncommon  M.  and  rare  W.  R.    Mar. 
22  -  April  7;  Sept,  6  -  Dec.  2  (winter).  Salt  and  fresh  water, 
especially  ponds. 

*138.  European  Teal— Nettion  crecca  (Linne').  Ac- 
cidental from  Europe.  Feb.,  Mar.  [April,  Me.;  Nov., 
Conn.].  Fresh  water  marshes. 

139.  Green-winged      Teal— Nettion      carolinense 
(Gmelin).     Uncommon  spring  and  rare  fall  M. ;  accidental 
in  winter.     April  4 -23;  Sept.  6  -  Dec.  13.     Fresh  and  salt 
water. 

140.  Blue- winged  Teal— Querquedula  discors  (Lin- 
ne").     Rare  spring  and  common  fall  M.     April  11  -  May  31 
(June);  Aug.  16 -Nov.  26.    Fresh  and  salt  water,  especially 
smaller  ponds  and  mud-holes. 

142.  Shoveller ;  Spoonbill  —  Spatula  clypedta 
(LinnS).  Rare  M.  Spring  ;  Sept.  4)  16  -  Nov.  7.  Fresh  and 
salt  water.  Newbury,  Sept.  4,  1908,  C.  R.  Lamb. 


22  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

143.  Pintail;  •'  Sprigtail ;  "    "Gray  Duck"— 

Ddfila  acuta  (Linne).   Uncommon  M.,  rare  in  spring.  Feb.) 
Mar.  8  -  April  3;  Sept.  11  -  Dec.  21.     Fresh  and  salt  water. 

144.  Wood  Duck ;  Summer  Duck — Aix  sponsa 
(Linne).      Uncommon   M.    and   rare   S.    R.,   accidental   in 
winter.     Diminishing  in   numbers.      Mar.    10)   20  -  April 
30;    summer;    Sept.    15  -  Nov.    18  (winter).       Freshwater 
streams  and  ponds.     Nest  in  hollow  tree,  rarely  on  ground. 
Eggs,  April  23  -  May  10. 

146.  Redhead.     Marila    americdna   (Eyton).      Rare 
M.,  more  frequent  in  autumn;  and  rare   W.    R.    on    south 
coast,  apparently  increasing  in  numbers.     Mar.  6- April  8; 
Oct.  4-  Dec.  21  (winter).     Fresh  and  salt  water. 

147.  Canvas-back— Marila  valisineria  (Wilson).  Rare 
M. ;  common  and  increasing  in  numbers  at  Marthas  Vine- 
yard.    Mar.  11-31;  Oct.  19  -  Dec.  18  (Jan.).   Fresh  and  salt 
water,  but  especially  in  ponds  containing  wild  celery  (Val- 
lisneria.) 

148.  Scaup    Duck;    Greater    Scaup;    "  Blue- 
bill  ;"  "  Widgeon"— Marila  marila  (Linne).  Rare  spring 
and  common  fall  M.;  local  W.  R.     Mar.  27  -  May   1;    Sept. 
18  -  Dec.  26;  winter.     Fresh  and  salt  water. 

149.  Lesser  Scaup  Duck ;  "  Little  Bluebill." 
Marila  affinis  (Eyton).     Rare  spring  and  common  fall  M.; 
rare  W.  R.  on  south  coast.     Mar.  2  -  April  14  (May);  Oct. 
8  -  Dec.  6  (winter).     Salt  and  fresh  water,   the  latter  more 
frequently. 

150.  Ring-necked  Duck— Marila    colldris   (Dono- 
van).    Rare  M.     Mar. -April;  Oct.  4-  Nov.  30.     There  are 
now  several  records  for  Essex  Co.     Fresh  and  salt  water, 

151.  Golden-eye ;     Whistler— Cldngula    clangula 
americdna   Bonaparte.     Common  M.    and   W.    R.,  chiefly 
coastwise.       Oct.   8 -May   1   (summer).       Fresh   and   salt 
water;  often  in  rivers  and  creeks  of  salt   marshes   by  day, 
going  out  to  sea  at  night. 

152.  Barrow's      Golden-eye—  Clangula    isldndica 
(Gmelin).     Rare  W.  V.  coastwise.     Dec.  7 -Feb.  22. 

153.  Buffle-head ;  "  Dipper"— Charitonetta  albeola 
(Linns').     Uncommon  M.  and  rare  W.    R.     Mar.   11 -April 
8;  Oct.  9-  Dec.  23  (winter).     Fresh  and  salt  water. 

1 54.  Old-Squaw ;  Long-tailed  Duck ;  Old  Wife 
— Harelda  hyemdlis  (Linne*).     Common,  often  abundant  M. 
and  W.  R.,  rare  inland.     Oct.  10-  May  22    (June    17).     Salt 
and  fresh  water. 


24  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

155.  Harlequin  Duck;  Lord-and-L<ady— His- 
trionicus  histrionicus  (Linne*).  Rare  W.  V.  coastwise;  casual 
inland.  Nov.  1  -  Jan.  Salt  and  fresh  water. 

t!56.  Labrador  Duck — Camptorhynchus  labrado- 
rius  (Gmelin).  Extinct.  Last  taken  at  Swampscott,  Sept., 
1862.  Formerly  a  common  W.  V.  coastwise.  Several 
specimens  are  recorded  from  Essex  Co. 

*159.  Northern  Eider  ;  Greenland  Eider— Som- 
ateria mollissima  boredlis  (Brehm).  Very  rare  W.  V.  coast- 
wise. Late  Oct.  -  April. 

16O.  Eider  ;  American  Eider ;  Sea  Duck  ; 
"Canvas-back" — Somateria  dresseri  Sharpe.  Uncom- 
mon M.  and  W.  R.  coastwise,  decreasing  in  numbers.  Nov. 
5  -  April  19.  Salt  water.  A  flock  is  said  to  be  found  every 
winter  off  Milk  Id.  at  the  end  of  Cape  Ann. 

162.  King   Eider— Somateria    spectdbilis     (Linne). 
Rare  W.  V.  coastwise.     Oct.  21  -  April  5. 

163.  Scoter  ;  American  Scoter  ;  Black  Scoter  ; 
Black  Coot — Oidemia  americdna  Swainson.     Common,  at 
times  abundant,  M.  and  W.  R.   coastwise;   scarce  inland; 
a  few  off-shore  in  summer.    Sept.  8-  May  24  (summer).  Salt 
water  mainly. 

165.  White-winged    Scoter ;     White-winged 
Coot — Oidemia  degldndi  Bonaparte.   Common  M.  and  W.R. 
mainly  coastwise  ;  a  few  in  summer  off-shore.  Sept.  6  -  May 

25  (summer). 

166.  Surf  Scoter  ;  "  Skunk  Bird ;"  Gray  Coot 
— Oidemia  perspicilldta  (Linne").    Common,  often  abundant 
M.,  and  common  W.  R.  coastwise;  a  few   in  summer   off- 
shore.    Sept.  4-  May  9  (summer).     Salt  and  fresh  water, 
rare  inland. 

167.  .Ruddy        I>uck — Erismatura        jamaicensis 
(Gmelin)  Common  M.,  very  rare  S.  R.  (Cape  Cod).     Mar. 
20-(summer).     Sept.  30  -  Dec.    (Jan.).     Chiefly  on  deeper 
fresh-water  ponds. 

*168.  Masked  Duck—  Nomonyx  dominions  (Linne). 
Accidental  from  West  Indies.  Maiden,  Aug.  22,  1889. 

169.  Snow  Goose ;  Lesser  Snow  Goose— Chen 
hyperboreus  hyperboreus  (Pallas).  Rare  M.  April  13,  Oct. 
15,  Nov.  21.  Salt  and  fresh  water. 

*169a.  Greater  Snow  Goose.  Chen  hyperboreus 
nivdlis  (J.  R.  Forster).  Accidental  V.  in  spring  and  fall. 
[?  Flock  of  30  at  Framingham,  Nov.  19,  1909  -  Auk,  Jan. 
1910.] 


26  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

17O.  Blue  Goose— Chen  ccerulescens  (Linne").  Rare 
fall  M.  West  Gloucester,  Oct.  20,  1876.x 

1 7 la.  White-fronted  Goose— Anser  dlbifrons  gam- 
beli  Hartlaub.  Accidental  M.  from  West.  Ipswich,  Aug. 
1907;  Plymouth,  Nov.  26. 

172,  Canada  Goose  ;  Wild  Goose— Brdnta  cana- 
densis canadensis  (Linne*).  Common  M.;  possibly  W.  R.  on 
south  coast.  Mar.  8- June  5;  Sept.  21 -Dec.  30  (Jan.). 
Fresh  and  salt  water. 

*172a.  Hutchins's  Goose— Brdnta  canadensis 
hutchinsi  (Richardson).  Probably  occurs  as  a  rare  M. 

173a.  Brant;  White-bellied  Brant;  Blue 
Brant — Branta  bernicla  glaucogdstra  (Brehm.)  Common 
M.  coastwise,  casual  inland;  scarce  W.  R.  on  south  coast. 
Very  irregular  in  abundance  in  Essex  Co.  Mar.  12  -  May 
17;  Sept.  12 -Dec.  12  (winter). 

*174.  Black  Brant — Branta  nigricans  (Lawrence). 
Accidental  from  West.  Chatham.  Spring. 

*175.  Barnacle  Goose— Branta  leucopsis  (Bech- 
stein).  Accidental  from  North.  Nov. 

18O.  Whistling  Swan— Olor  columbidnus  (Ord). 
Rare  M. ;  occasional  W.  R.  at  Nantucket.  Oct.  16  -  Dec.  27 
(winter  -Mar.  4). 

*181.  Trumpeter  Swan — Olor  buccinator  (Richard- 
son). Probably  occurred  formerly  as  a  rare  M. 

IBIDID^E.     IBISES. 

186.  Glossy  Ibis— Plegadis  autumndlis  (Linne").  Ac- 
cidental from  South.  May  [Oct.],  Marshes,  shores  of 
ponds,  etc. 

CICONIID^E.     STORKS  AND  WOOD  IBISES. 

*188.  Wood  Ibis — Mycteria  americdna  Linne.  Ac- 
cidental from  South.  Seekonk,  July  17,  1896.  ?  George- 
town, June  19,  1880.  Swamps  and  marshes. 

ARDEID^E.     HERONS,  BITTERNS,  ETC. 

19O.  Bittern  ;  American  Bittern ;  Stake- 
driver — Botaurus  lentiginosus  (Montagu).  Common  M. 
andS.  R.,  Mar.  81  -  Nov.  26  (Dec.,  Jan.).  Marshes,  both 
salt  and  fresh,  shores  of  ponds  and  streams,  and  open 
sedgy  meadows.  Nest  on  ground,  in  swamps.  Eggs,  May 
5- June  10. 


28  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

191.  L<east  Bittern— Ixobrychus  exilis  (Gmelin). 
Rare  and  local  S.  R.,  chiefly  near  coast,  Several  records 
for  Essex  Co.  April  15  -  Sept.  1.  Fresh  marshes  and 
swamps.  Nest  among  rushes  or  in  bushes.  Eggs,  June 
1-29. 

194.  Great  Blue  Heron  ;  "  Crane" — Ardea  hero- 
dias herodias  Linne*.  Common  M. ;  rare  in  sum  mer  and 
winter.  Formerly  bred.  Mar.  15  -  June  4;  (summer); 
July  30-  Dec.  20  (winter).  Borders  of  streams  and  ponds. 

196.  Egret ;  American  Egret—  Herodias  egretta 
(Gmelin).  Occasional  summer  and  fall  V.  from  South. 
April  -  Nov.  22.  A  notable  flight  occurred  in  1911.  Sev- 
eral additional  records  for  Essex  Co. — C.  W.  T.  Eastham, 
Plymouth,  Marshfield.  H.  C.  Farwell  reports  pair  seen  at 
Newbury  July  25  and  28;  later,  Aug.  1,  one  seen  in  company 
with  Blue  Herons,  and  Aug.  27,  one  caused  great  commotion 
in  colony  of  Black-crowned  Night  Herons  in  Rowley,  be- 
ing probably  one  of  pair  first  seen,  deprived  of  its  mate,  and 
seeking  to  fraternize  with  relatives. 

*197.  Snowy  Egret ;  Snowy  Heron— Egretta  can- 
didissima  candidissima  (Gmelin).  Accidental  from  South. 
Swamps  and  lowlands. 

200.  Little  Blue  Tier  on— Florida  ccerulea  (Linne*). 
Very  rare  wanderer  from  South.     April  14  -  Aug. 

201.  Green  Heron ;  Little  Green  Heron— Bu- 
torides  virescens  virescens  (Linne).     Common   S.    R.  April 
9)  26 -Oct.  16.     Edges   of  freshwater   streams  and  ponds. 
Nest  in  small  tree.     Eggs,  May  10  -  June  2. 

202.  Black-crowned  Night  Heron;  Quawk — 
Nycticorax  nycticorax  ncevius  (Boddaert).    Common  M.  and 
local  8.  R.;  rare  W.  R.  near  coast.     Mar.  27  -  Nov.  1  (win- 
ter).    Swamps,  marshes,  meadows.     Nest  of  twigs  in  tree, 
in  colonies.     Eggs,  May  2  -  June  13.     At  least  one  colony 
of  considerable  size  in  Essex  Co. 

203.  Yellow-crowned  Night  Heron— Nyctandssa 
violdcea  (Linne*).    Accidental  from  South  [April,  Me.,  R.  I.] 
July  -  Oct.     Swamps  and  marshes. 

GRUID^E.     CRANES. 

*2O4.  Whooping  Crane — Grus  americdna  (Linne*). 
Extirpated.  Probably  a  migrant  in  colonial  times.  Fresh- 
water marshes  and  open  lowlands. 

*2O6.  Sandhill  Crane— Grus  mexicdna  (Miiller). 
Extirpated.  Formerly  a  Migrant. 


30  BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

RALLID^E.     RAILS,  GALLINULES,  AND  COOTS. 

2O8.  King  Bail ;  Fresh-marsh  Hen— Rallus  ele- 
gans  Audubon.  Occasional  V.  Possibly  breeds.  May  oc- 
cur at  any  season  on  south  shore.  Fresh-water  marshes. 
Nest  on  ground. 

211.  Clapper   Kail;    Salt-marsh     Hen— Rallus 
crepitans  Gmelin.     Occasional  V.     May  breed.    Ipswich, 
Oct.  20,  1910.    Three  records  for  Essex  Co.— C.  W.  T.  Salt- 
water marshes.     Nest  on  ground. 

212.  Virginia  Kail ;  Water  Hen— Rallus   mrgini- 
dnus  Linne*.     Common  S.  R.,  especially  near  coast;  rare  in 
winter.     April  11)  20- Sept.  25  (Nov.  27.     Jan.     Fresh  and 
brackish  marshes.    Nest  on  ground.  Eggs,  May  12-  June  1. 

214.  Sora ;  Carolina  Rail ;  Meadow-Hen— Por- 
zdna  Carolina  (Linne*).     Common   M.  and  local  S.  R.     Mar. 
20)  April  14  -  Nov.  1  (Dec.  20.  Fresh  and  brackish  marshes. 
Nest  on  ground.     Eggs,  June  9  - 11. 

215.  Yellow     Rail — Coturnicops       noveboracensis 
(Gmelin).     Rare   M.   and    possible   S.    R.     April -May  26; 
Sept.  2  -  Oct.  22.    Fresh- water  marshes.     Nest  on  ground. 

*216.  Black  Rail;  Little  Black  Rail—  Or eciscus 
jamaicensis  (Gmelin).  Very  rare  V.  and  in  southeast  part 
a  rare  S.  R.  May  16 -Sept.  20.  Fresh-water  marshes.  Nest 
on  ground.  Eggs,  May. 

218.  Purple  G-allinule — lonornis  martinicus  (Lin- 
ne").     Casual  from  South.    April  (June).  Oct.  -  Nov.  Fresh- 
water marshes . 

219.  Florida  Gallinule—  Gallinula  galedta  (Lich- 
tenstein).     Rare  and  local  S.  R.  chiefly  near  coast.     April 
29  -  Oct.  25  (Nov.  9.     Fresh-water  marshes.      Nest  among 
rushes  near  ground.     Eggs,  June  5  -July  17. 

221.  Coot;  American  Coot;  Mud-hen — Fulica 
americdna  Gmelin.     Rare  spring  and   uncommon  fall  M.. 
rare  in  W.   near  coast.     Mar.   29 -April  25;  (June,   Aug.) 
Sept.  3  -  Nov.  (winter).    Fresh-water  marshes  and  ponds; 
Nest  among  reeds. 

PHALABOPODID^E.     PHALABOPES. 

222.  Red  Phalarope— Phaldropus  fulicdrius  (Lin- 
ne").    Migrant  off-shore,   sometimes  common;  rare  and  ir- 
regular V.  landward  in  stress  of  weather.  May  1-26;  Aug. 
31  -  Nov.  24.     Chiefly  swimming  or  flying  off  the  coast. 


32       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

223.  Northern  Phalarope— Lobipes  lobdtus  (Lin- 
ne).     Common  M.  off  the  coast,  not  infrequently  driven  to 
shore  by  storms;  rarely  found  inland.    May  1-26;  Aug.  10  - 
Oct.  13.     Chiefly  maritime. 

224.  Wilson's      Phalarope— Stegdnopus     tricolor 
Vieillot.     Accidental  from  West.     Nahant,   May  20,  1874. 
Aug.  18-31. 

RECURVIROSTRID^E.     AVOCETS  AND  STILTS. 

225.  American    Avoeet — Eecurvirostra  americdna 
Gmelin.     Accidental  from  West.     Ipswich,  Sept.  13;  Lynn; 
Natick,  Oct.  19.     Fresh-water  marshes  and  lowlands. 

226.  Black-necked  Stilt — Himdntopus   mexicdnus 
(Miiller).     Accidental  from   West  or  South.     Lynn;  Mass, 
coast.     Shores  of  lagoons  and  salt  marshes. 

SCOLOPACID^E.     SNIPES,  SANDPIPERS,  ETC. 

228.  Woodcock ;  American  Woodcock— Philo- 
hela  minor  (Gmelin).  Common  M.  and  uncommon  S.  R. ; 
rare  in  winter.  Mar.  4 -Nov.  25  (winter).  Damp  woods, 
thickets,  and  fresh-water  swamps.  Nest  on  ground.  Eggs, 
April  5 -May  17. 

230.  Wilson's    Snipe—  Gallindgo     delicdta    (Ord). 
Common  M.,  rare  and  irregular  S.  R.  and  W.  R.     Mar.  20  - 
May  18;  (summer);   Aug.  1-Nov.  30   (winter).     7  or  more 
seen  at  Lynn  from  Nov.  12,  '09,  to  Jan.  22,  1910.  Fresh  and 
brackish  meadows  and  marshes.     Nest  on   ground.     Eggs, 
May. 

231.  Dowitcher  ;    Red-breasted  Snipe— M acro- 
rhdmphus  griseus  griseus  (Gmelin).     Coastwise  M.,  rare  in 
spring,  uncommon  in  fall;    casual  inland.     May  1  -June  7 
(18;  July  5  -  Aug.  25  (Sept.  30.     Sea  and  lake  shores. 

232.  Long-billed     Dowitcher  —  Macrorhamphus 
griseus  scolopdceus  (Say).     Accidental  fall  M.  from  West. 
Aug.  29  -Nov.  3.     Marshes  and  mudflats. 

233.  Stilt      Sandpiper— Micropdlama     himdntopus 
(Bonaparte).     Uncommon  [?  spring  and]  fall  M.  coastwise, 
casual  inland.     July  19  -  Sept.  29.     Marshes  and  mudflats. 

234.  Knot;  "Red-breasted   Plover;"    "Blue 
Plover;"   "Gray-back"— Tringa  canutus  Linne".     Un- 
common M.  coastwise,  casual  inland;   rare   W.  R.    on  Cape 
Cod.     May  11  -  June  5  (25);  July  13  -  Nov.  8  (winter).  Sandy 
beaches. 


34  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

235.  Purple  Sandpiper;  "Rock  Snipe;" 
66  Winter  Snipe" — Arquatella  maritima  maritima  (Briin- 
nich).  Common  fall  and  W.  R.  coastwise.  July  30)  Sept. 
6  -  April  19  (May  11.  Rocky  sea-shores  and  islets. 

239.  Pectoral     Sandpiper ;       "  Grass-bird ;" 
"  Krieker" — Pisobia  maculdta  (Vieillot).    Rare    spring 
and  common  fall  M.,   mainly  coastwise.     April  4)  9  -  May 
16  (23;  July  15-  Nov.  11.     Marshes  and  mudflats. 

240.  White-rumped  Sandpiper ;  Bonaparte's 
Sandpiper;   "Bull-peep" — Pisobia  fuscicollis  (Vieil- 
lot).    Rare  spring  and  common  fall  M.  coastwise.  May  15  - 
June  5;  July  10  -  Nov.  10.     Shores  of  sea,   lakes,   and  salt- 
marsh  sloughs. 

241.  Baird's  Sandpiper  ;  "  Bull-peep"— Pisobia 
bairdi  (Coues).     Rare  fall  M.     July  27 -Oct.  18.     Beaches 
and  marshes. 

242.  Least  Sandpiper  ;  "Peep  ;"  "Mud-peep" 
— Pisobia  minutilla  (Vieillot).     Abundant   M.     April   18) 
May   5 -June  7;    (summer);    July  6  -  Sept.    21    (Oct.    13). 
Marshes  and  mud-flats. 

*243.  Dunlin;  European  Dunlin;  "Brant- 
bird" — Pelidna  alpina  alpina  (Linne).  Accidental  from 
Old  World.  Chatham,  Aug.  11.  Beaches  and  marshes. 

243a.  Ked-backed  Sandpiper ;  American 
Dunlin— Pelidna  alpina  sakhalina  (Vieiilot).  Rare  spring 
and  common  fall  M.  coastwise,  occasional  inland.  Mar.) 
April -May  20  (June  18;  Sept.  1-Dec.  13  (24):  Beaches  and 
marshes. 

244.  Curlew  Sandpiper— Erolia  ferruginea  (Briin- 
nich).  Accidental  from  Old  World.  May;  Aug.  Sea- 
beaches  and  marshes. 

246.  Semipalmated     Sandpiper ;       "  Peep ;" 
"  Sand-Peep" — Ereunetes  pusillus  (Linne*).     Very  com- 
mon M.,  casual  in  summer.   May  1)  13-  June  14;  (summer); 
July  3  -Oct.  8  (30.     Sandy  sea-beaches  chiefly;   occasional 
inland. 

247.  Western  Sandpiper;  Western  Semipal- 
mated  Sandpiper— Ereunetes  mauri  Cabanis.     Rare  fall 
M.     July  19  -  Sept.  20.     Beaches  and  marshes. 

248.  Sanderling ;     Beach-bird ;    «« Whitey ;" 
Beach  Plover—  Calidris  leucophcea  (Pallas).    Very  com- 
mon M.  coastwise;  occasional  inland;  south  of  Cape  Cod  a 
casual  W.  R.     April)   May  19  -  June  4  (24;  July  6-  Dec.  6 
(winter.     Sandy  beaches. 


36  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

249.  Marbled  Godwit ;  Brown  Marlin— Limosa 
fedoa  (Linne*).  Bare  M.  May  20- 23;  July  17  -  Sept.  5. 
Marshes  and  beaches. 

251.  Hudsonian  Godwit ;  "  Black-tail"— Limosa 
Jmmdstica  (Linn6).  Rare  M.  (?April  29  -  May  25);  July 
15  -  Nov.  7.  Marshes  and  beaches,  chiefly  the  former. 

254.  Greater   Yellow-legs;    Winter   Yellow- 
legs—  Totanus     melanoleucus     (Gmelin).      Common    M., 
chiefly  coastwise;  occasional  non-breeding  S.  R.     Mar.  27) 
April  4  -  June  16  (28;  (summer);  July  6  -  Nov.  12.  Marshes, 
both  salt  and  fresh. 

255.  Yellow-legs ;  Lesser  Yellow-legs  ;  Sum- 
mer   Yellow-legs—  Totanus  fldvipes    (Gmelin).       Rare 
spring,   and  common  early  fall  M.     April  29  -  June  2  (15); 
July  10  -  Sept.  29  (Oct.  30.     Marshes,  salt  and  fresh. 

256.  Solitary    Sandpiper— Helodromus     solitdrius 
solitarius  (Wilson).     Common  M.,  mainly  inland.     May  2- 
26  (June);  July  8)  20  -  Oct.  14  (Nov.  28).  Borders  of  streams 
and  ponds. 

258.  Willet;  Goose-bird;  "  Humility"— Catop- 
tropkorus  semipalmdtus  semipalmatus  (Gmelin).  Rare 
coastwise  M.,  perhaps  extirpated;  formerly  a  rare  S.  R.  on 
south  shore.  May  2-31  (June  17;  July  8  -  Sept.  11.  Marsh- 
es and  beaches,  salt  and  fresh. 

258a.  Western  Willet— Catoptrophorus  semipalmatus 
inorndtus  (Brewster).  Rare  fall  M.  Newburyport,  Aug.  5. 
Marshes  and  beaches. 

260.  Ruff— Machetes   pugnax    (Linne)'.       Accidental 
from  Old  World,  coastwise.     May;  July;  Sept.     Newbury- 
port, Chatham,  Nantucket.     Marshes  and  beaches. 

261.  Upland  Plover;  Bartramian  Sandpiper 
— Bartrdmia  longicauda  (Bechstein).     Rare  spring  and  un- 
common  fall  M.;    rare   and   local  S.  R.     April  3  -  May  10; 
summer;  July  16 -Sept.  14.     Grassy  pastures  and  hill-tops, 
especially   near  coast.     Nest  on  ground.     Eggs,  May  25  - 
June  3  (22. 

262.  Buff -breasted  Sandpiper ;  «  Hill  Grass- 
bird" — Tryngites  subruficollis    (Vieillot).       Rare    fall   M. 
coastwise.     July  28-  Sept.  24.     Grassy  hills  and  marshes. 

263.  Spotted  Sandpiper  ;  "  Teeter  ;"  "  Tip-up" 
Actitis  mdculdria  (Linne).     Common  M.    and  S.  R.     April 
19)  26 -Nov.  6  (14.     Sea-shore,  and  borders  of  fresh-water 
streams  and  lakes.  Nest  on  ground.  Eggs,  May  27  -  June  6. 


38  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

264.  Loiig.billed  Curlew  ;  "Sickle-bill ;"  "Hen 
Curlew" — Numenius  americdnus  Bechstein.  Now  an  acci- 
dental M.     [May]     July  20  -  Oct.  18.      Marshes  and  grassy 
flats. 

265.  Hudsonian    Curlew—  Numenius    hudsonicus 
Latham,     Rare  spring,  uncommon  fall  M.      April  10  -  May 
30  (June  8) ;  June  23)  July  6  -  Oct.  1.  Beaches  and  marshes. 

266.  Eskimo    Curlew  ;    Dough-bird — Numenius 
borealis  (J.  R.    Forster).     Migrant,    accidental   in   spring, 
rare  in  fall;  formerly  common,  now  nearly  extinct.     May; 
July  15  -  Oct.  2.     Two  at  Newburyport,  Aug.  27,  1908— C. 
W.  T.     Marshes,  beaches  and  grassy  uplands. 

CHARADKIIDJE.     PLOVERS. 

27O.  Black-bellied  Plover  ;  Beetle-bead ;  Bull- 
bead — Squatdrola  squatarola  (Linne).  Common  M.  coast* 
wise.  April  15- June  13  (25.  July  8 -Nov.  16  (Dec. 
Beaches  and  marshes. 

272.  Golden  Plover ;  American  Golden  Plov- 
er; Green-back ;  "  Green  Plover  ;"  "Pale  Belly" 
Charddrius  dominicus  dominicus  (Miiller).     Migrant,  very 
rare  in  spring;  now  rare,   but  formerly  common   in  fall, 
along  coast.     (May);  Aug.  12 -Nov.  2  (25.    Plum  Id.,  April 
8,  1911.     Beaches,  marshes,  and  grassy  hill-tops. 

273.  Killdeer—  Oxyechus  vociferus     (Linne).      Rare 
M.  and  S.  R.;  accidental  in  W.     Mar.  1-Dec."  15   (winter). 
Meadows,  fields,  marshes,  beaches.     Nest   on  ground,   in 
fields.     Eggs,  May  30. 

274.  Semipalmated       Plover;       Ring-neck— 
Aegialitis    semipalmdta  (Bonaparte).     Common   M.  coast- 
wise, especially  in  fall;  scarce  in  spring;  occasional  inland. 
Late  April- June  14  (26);  July  12  -  Oct.    28.     Beaches  and 
marshes. 

277.  Piping  Plover;  Pale  Ring-neck— ^4. egiali- 
tis  meloda  (Ord).  Uncommon  M.  and  coastwise  S.  R.  Mar. 
26)  April  5  -  Sept.  22.  Sandy  beaches.  Nest  on  ground. 
Eggs,  May  10- June  14  (July).  (277a.  Belted  Piping  Plov- 
er is  no  longer  recognized  as  distinct.) 

28O,  Wilson's  Plover— Ochthodromus  wilsonius 
(Ord).  Accidental  from  South.  Ipswich,  May  8;  Ply- 
mouth; Aug.  22;  sandy  beaches  and  mud-flats. 


40  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 


APHRIZIDJE.    SURF-BIRDS. 

*283.  Turnstone;  European  Turnstone— Are- 
ndria  interpres  interpres  (Linne).  Accidental  from  Old 
World.  Monomoy  Id.,  Sept. 

283a.  Ruddy  Turnstone  ;  "  Chicken-Plover;  " 
"  Calico-bird" — Arenaria  interpres  morinella  (Linne) . 
Uncommon  M.  May  1  -  31  (June  24;  July  25  -  Oct.  16.  Sea- 
shores, either  sandy  or  stony. 

H^EMATOPODID^:.       OYSTER-CATCHERS. 

*286.  Oyster-catcher,  American  Oyster-catch- 
er— Hoemdtopus  pallidtus  Temminck.  Accidental  from 
South.  Late  April;  Aug.  Sea-coast. 

ODONTOPHORIDJE.     BOB- WHITES,  QUAILS,  ETC. 

289.  Bob-white  ;  Quail— Co linus  virginidnus  mr- 
ginianus  (Linne).  Uncommon  permanent  resident;  locally 
and  irregularly  plentiful.  Nest  on  ground.  Eggs,  May- 
June  30.  Weedy  and  brush-grown  fields  and  scrubby 
woods. 

TETRAONID.E.    GROUSE,  PTARMIGAN,  ETC. 

298c.  Canada  Spruce  Partridge — Canachites 
canadensis  cdnace  (Linne).  Accidental  from  North,  Sept., 
Nov. 

300.  Ruffed     Grouse;      "Partridge"— Bondsa 
timbellus    umbellus    (Linne).       Common   R.      Woods    and 
thickets.     Nest  on  ground   in   woods.      Eggs,   April  27  - 
June  2. 

301.  Willow  Ptarmigan— Lagopus    lagopus  lago- 
pus  (Linne).     Accidental  from  North,  perhaps  an  escaped 
bird.     One  record.     Manchester. 

*3O6.  Heath  Hen—  Tympanuchus  cupido  (Linne). 
Resident  on  Martha's  Vineyard;  formerly  north  to  Boston 
and  in  Conn,  valley.  Probably  occurred  in  Essex  Co.  Scrub 
oak  thickets.  Nest  on  ground.  Eggs,  June  2- July  24. 

[Ring-necked  Pheasant — Phasidmis  torqudtus 
Gmelin.  Resident.  Introduced  from  Old  World  as  game 
bird,  and  well  established  in  many  places.  Thickets.  Nest 
on  ground.] 


42       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

MELEAGRID^E.     TUBKEYS. 

31Oa.  Wild  Turkey — Meledgris  gallopdvo  silvestris 
Vieillot.  Extirpated.  Formerly  a  common  resident. 

COLUMBID^E.    PIGEONS  AND  DOVES. 

t315.  Passenger  Pigeon;  Wild  Pigeon— Ecto- 
pistes  migratorius  (Linne).  Extirpated  and  probably  ex- 
tinct. Formerly  an  abundant  M.  and  common  S.  R.,  rare 
in  winter.  Mar.  10 -Oct.  21  (winter).  Woods  and  fields. 
Nest  in  colonies,  in  trees.  Eggs.  May  22. 

316.  Mourning"  Dove — Zenaidura  macroura  caroli- 
nensis  (Linne).  Scarce  M.  and  S.  R.,  rare  W.  R.  Frequent 
in  Plymouth  Co.;  rare  in  Essex  Co.  Mar.  5 -Nov.  15  (win- 
ter). Grain-fields,  roads,  and  weedy  fields.  Nest  in  tree, 
rarely  on  ground.  Eggs,  April  19  -  May  20. 

*323.  Blue-headed  Quail  dove— Starncenas  cyan- 
ocephala  (Linne).  Accidental  from  South,  probably  an 
escape.  One  record.  Oct. 

[Rock  Dove ;  Domestic  Pigeon ;  Dove  ;  Pigeon 
— Columba  domestica  Gmelin.  Introduced  from  Old  World 
as  a  domesticated  bird,  but  now  common  in  a  wild  state  in 
many  cities  and  towns.  In  streets  and  about  buildings. 
Nest  in  buildings.] 

CATHARTID.E.    AMEEICAN  VULTUBES. 

325.  Turkey    Vulture;     Turkey     Buzzard— 

Cathdrtes  aura  septentriondlis  Wied.  Occasional  visitor 
at  any  season.  Three  records  for  Essex  Co.  and  several 
others  for  the  eastern  part  of  the  State. 

326.  Black  Vulture;   "Jim  Crow"—  Catharista 
urubu  (Vieillot).     Accidental  from  South.     July  to   Nov. 
Swampscott;  Gloucester. 

BUTEONID^E.    HAWKS,  EAGLES,  KITES,  ETC. 

327.  Swallow-tailed    Kite—Elanoides     forficdtus 
(Linne).   Accidental  from  West.  Sept.  WestNewbury,  1882. 

*328.  White- tailed  Kite.  Eldnus  leucurus  (Vieil- 
lot.) Accidental  from  South.  One  record.  Martha's  Vine- 
yard, May  30,  1910. 

331.  Marsh  Hawk;  Mouse  HawTk;  Harrier— 
Circus  hudsonius  (Linne).  Common  M.;  scarce  S.  R. ;  rare 
in  winter.  Mar.  1-Nov.  29  (winter).  Flying  low  over 


44  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

fields  and  marshes,   hunting  mice  and  frogs.      Nest   on 
ground.     Eggs,  May  12  -  June  8. 

332.  Sharp-shinned  Hawk;  "Pigeon  Hawk" 
— Accipiter  velox  (Wilson).     Common  M.,  scarce  S.  R.  and 
W.  R.     Mar.  10)  Apr.  3  -  May  11;  summer;  Sept.  7-  Oct.  25 
(Nov.  9;  winter.     Fields,  orchards,  woods,  and  near  poul- 
try-yards in  chicken  time.     Nest  in  tree,   usually   white 
pine,  in  secluded  woodland.     Eggs,  May  3  -  June  10. 

333.  Cooper's    Hawk— Accipiter     cooperi    (Bona- 
parte).    Scarce  M.  and  S.  R.,  rare   in   winter.     April   10- 
Oct.  20;  winter.     Haunts  and  nesting-site  same  as  preced- 
ing.    Eggs,  April  25  -  June  11. 

334.  Goshawk — Astur  atricdpillus  atricapillus  (Wil- 
son).    Late  fall  and  W.  V.,  irregular,  sometimes  common. 
Oct.  4  -  Feb.  26.    Fields;  woods;  perched  on  scattered  trees 
in  open  lands. 

337.  Red-tailed  Hawk;  "Hen  Hawk"— Buteo 
boredlis  borealis  (Gmelin).  Scarce  M.  and  W.  R.;  rare  S. 
R.  Oct.  10 -April  20;  summer.  Sailing  overhead  and 
perched  on  scattered  trees  in  pastures  and  wild  woodlands. 
Nest  of  sticks,  in  large  tree.  Eggs,  April  6  -  27. 

339.     Red-shouldered  Hawk ;  "  Hen  Hawk"- 
Buteo  linedtus  lineatus  (Gmelin).     Common  M. ;  less  com- 
mon S.  R.  and  W.  R.     Haunts  ,and  nest  like   preceding. 
Eggs,  April  3  -  June  6. 

342.  Swainson's  Hawk.     Buteo  swainsoni  Bona- 
parte.     Rare    wanderer    from   West.      April  20  -  Nov.   7. 
Three  records  for  Essex  Co. 

343.  Broad-winged     Hawk — Buteo    platjpterus 
(Vieillot).     Scarce  M.  and  rare  S.  R.   in   less   settled  dis- 
tricts.    April  12  -  Sept.  30  (Oct.  16.     Woodlands.     Nest  in 
tree.     Eggs,  May  7-31. 

34 7a.  Rough-legged  Hawk;  Black  Hawk— 
Archibuteo  lagopus  sdncti-johdnnis  (Gmelin).  Rare  fall  and 
winter  visitor.  Oct.  -  April  13x(May  8.  Open  country. 

349.  Golden  Eagle — Aquila  chrysd'etos  (Linne*). 
Rare  visitor  at  all  seasons.  Inhabits  mountainous  country. 

352.  Bald  Eagle ;  White-headed  Eagle— Haliw- 
etus  leucocephalus  leucocephalus  (Linne).  Uncommon  V.  at 
all  seasons,  more  often  seen  near  coast. 

FALCONID^E.    FALCONS,  ETC. 

*353.  White  Gyrfalcon— Fdlco  isldndus  Briinnich. 
Accidental  from  North,  if  occurring.  One  doubtful  record. 


46  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

*354a.  G-yrfalcon — Falco  rusticolus  gyrfdlco  Linne*. 
Very  rare  W.  V.  from  North.  Jan.  Feb. 

354b.  Black  Gyrfalcon— Falco  rusticolus  obsoletus 
Gmelin.  Very  rare  W.  V.  from  North.  Oct. -Mar.  11. 
Four  records. 

356a.  Duck  Hawk.  Falco  peregrinus  dnatum  Bon- 
aparte. Rare  M.  except  at  times  directly  on  the  sea-shore; 
casual  in  winter,  May  24  ;  Sept.  19*  Oct.  9;  winter.  Open 
country,  preying  on  water  -  and  shore-birds. 

357.  Pigeon  Hawk — Falco  columbdrius  Linn6. 
Rather  common  M.  and  occasional  W.  R.  April  10  -May 
16.  Sept.  7 -Nov.  24;  winter.  Open  country;  isolated 
trees;  woods. 

*359.1  Kestrel.  Falco  tinnunculus  Linne*.  Accidental 
from  Old  World.  One  record.  Sept.  Nantasket  Beach. 

36O.  Sparrow  Hawk — Falco  sparverius  sparverius 
Linne.  Scarce  M. ;  not  uncommon  S.  R. ;  occasional 
W.  R.  near  coast.  Mar.  20  -  Nov.  8;  winter.  On  dead  trees 
and  branches  in  fields,  clearings  and  thin  woods.  Nest  in 
tree-cavity,  rarely  in  building.  Eggs,  April  27  -  May  26. 

PANDIONID^S.    OSPBEYS. 

364.  Osprey ;  Fish  Hawk — Pandion  halidetus  caro- 
linensis  (Gmelin.)     Common  M.     Mar.)     April  2 -May  29; 
Aug.  26  -  Nov.  11.     Common  S.  R.  in  Bristol  Co.,  and  for- 
merly bred  in  Ipswich  and  Georgetown.    Sea-coasts,  lakes 
and  rivers.     Nest  in  tree.     Eggs,  May  8  -  July. 

ALUCONID^E.     BARN  OWLS. 

365.  Barn     Owl— Aluco    pratincola     (Bonaparte). 
Accidental  from  South.     May -Dec.     Open  country.  Hides 
and  nests  in  hollow  trees  and  buildings. 

STRIGLTXE.    HORNED  OWLS,  ETC. 

366.  Long-eared  Owl ;  Cat  Owl — Asio  wilsonidnus 
(Lesson).     Rare   P.  R. ;  sometimes   not  nncommon  in  fall 
and  winter.     Secluded  woods  and  swamps.     Nest  in  tree, 
usually  in  old  crow's  nest.     Eggs,  April  1  -  May  14. 

367.  Short-eared  Owl;  Marsh  Owl — Asio  fldm- 
meus  (Pontoppidan).      Uncommon   migrant,    mainly  near 
coast;  rare  W.    and   S.    R.     Mar.    15-  April   15;    summer; 
Sept.  24 -Nov.  30;  winter.     Open  country,  among  the  tall 
grass  of  meadows,  marshes,  and  dunes.     Nest  on  ground. 


48  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

368.  Barred  Owl ;  Hoot  Owl— Strix  vdria  varia 
Barton.  Scarce  R.  sometimes  common  in  autumn.  Heavy 
woodlands  in  swamps.  Nest  in  old  hawk  or  crow  nest,  or 
hollow  tree.  Eggs,  Mar.  27  -May  13. 

370.  Great  Gray  Owl — Scotidptex  nebulosa  nebulo- 
sa (J.  R.  Forster).     Very  rare  and  irregular  W.  V.     Nov. 
10 -Mar.  4.     Woods. 

371.  Richardson's  Ovvl—Cryptoglauxfunerea  rich- 
ardsoni  (Bonaparte.)     Very  rare  and  irregular  W.  V.  Nov. 
26  -  Mar.     Woods. 

372.  Saw- whet   Owl ;    Acadian  Owl—  Crypto- 
glaux    acddica     acadica   (Gmelin).     Scarce  and  local  R.; 
more  often  observed  as  a  fall  and   W.  V.     Dense   woods; 
nest  in  cavity  in  tree.     Eggs,  April  4  -May. 

373.  Screech  Owl;  Red  Owl;  Mottled  Owl— 
()tus  dsio  asio  (Linne).     Common  R.     Inhabits  woodlands 
and  old  orchards  with   hollow  trees,   in  which  it   nests. 
Eggs,  April  15  -  May  5. 

375.  Great  Horned  Owl ;  Hoot  Owl— Bubo  vir- 
ginianus virginianus  (Gmelin).     Scarce  P.  R.     Wild  wood- 
lands  of  heavy   timber.     Nest  in  tree-cavity,  or  open  on 
branch,  rarely  on  ground.     Eggs,  Feb.  17  -  Mar.    (April  20. 

*375b,  Arctic  Horned  Owl— Bubo  virginianus  sub- 
drcticus  Hoy.  Accidental  from  Northwest.  One  record. 
Nov.  30. 

376.  Snowry  Owl— Njctea  nyctea  (Linne").    Fall  and 
W.  V.;  irregular,   sometimes   common.     Oct.    12)28  April 
15(May  20.     Open  country,  dunes,  rocky  islets,  more  rare- 
ly perched  in  trees, 

377a.     Hawk  Owl—  Surnia  ulula  cdparoch  (Miiller). 
Rare  and  irregular  fall  and  W.  V.     Nov.  16  -  Mar.  25. 
378.     Burro  wing"  Owl — Speotyto  cuniculdria  hypo- 
(Bonaparte).  Accidental  from  West.  One  record.  May. 

CUCKOOS,    ETC. 

387.  Yellow-billed \Cuckoo-Coccyzus  americdnus 
americanus  (Linne).     Uncommon  S.    R. ;   somewhat  local. 
May  4)9 -Sept.    26    (Oct.    Nov.     Thickets,   orchards,   etc. 
Nest  in  low  tree  or  shrubbery,   4-15    ft.     Eggs,  May  20- 
June  30. 

388.  Black-billed  Cuckoo— Coccyzus    erythroph- 
thdlmus     (Wilson).       Common    S.    R.      May     4  -  Sept.    27 
(Oct.     See  preceding  species. 


50       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

ALCEDINID^E.     KINGFISHERS. 

39O.  Belted  Kingfisher;  Kingfisher— Ceryle 
dlcyon  (Linne).  Common  S.  R.;  rare  and  local  in  winter. 
Mar.  15  -  Deo.  5  (winter).  Near  bodies  of  water;  in  winter 
near  rapidly  running  streams  or  tidal  ways.  Nest  in  hori- 
zontal burrow  dug  in  bank  of  earth.  Eggs,  May  15- June  6. 

PICIDJE.     WOODPECKERS. 

393.  Hairy  Woodpecker.  JDryobates  villosus  villo- 
sus (Linne*).  Scarce  or  rare  and  local  S.  R.,  more  common 
as  fall  and  W.  V.  Woodlands,  groves  and  shade  trees. 
Nest  in  hole  in  tree.  Eggs,  April  22  -  May  30. 

394c.  Downy  Woodpecker— Dryobates  pubescens 
medidnus  (Swainson).  Common  R.,  most  noticeable  in  W. 
Orchards  and  woodlands.  Nest  in  hole  in  tree,  3-20  ft. 
Eggs,  May  20  -  June  21. 

400.  Arctic  Three-toed  Woodpecker ;  Black- 
backed  Three-toed  Woodpecker— Picoides  drcticus 
(Swainson).     Irregular  fall  and  W.  V.  from  North.     Sept.) 
Oct.  16- April  27  (July,  Aug.) 

401.  Three-toed  Woodpecker ;  Ladder-backed 
Three-toed  Woodpecker — Picoides  americdnus  ameri- 
canus  Brehm.    Rare  and  irregular  W.  V.    Winter;  April  28. 

402.  Yellow-bellied     Sapsucker  —  Sphyrapicus 
vdrius  varius    (Linne).     Scarce  migrant;  very  rare   W.  R. 
April   4 -May   10;   Sept,    10  -  Nov.    1    (winter).-    Orchards, 
shade-trees  and  woodlands. 

4O5a.  Northern  Pileated  Woodpecker  ;  "  t<og- 
•cock  " — Phlceotomus  piledtus  abieticola  (Bangs).  Acciden- 
tal V.  from  North  or  West  at  any  season.  Breeds  in 
-wilder  parts  of  western  and  northern  New  England. 

4O6.  Red-headed  Woodpecker— M elanerpes  ery- 
throcephalus  (Linne).  Rare  and  irregular  V.  at  all  seasons; 
sometimes  breeds.  Open  woodlands,  groves,  and  shade- 
trees.  Nest  in  hole  in  tree. 

*4O9.    Red-bellied  Woodpecker— Centurus  caroli- 
nus  (Linne*).     Accidental  V.  from  South.     May  -  Nov. 

412,  Northern  Flicker  ;  Golden- winged  Wood- 
pecker ;  Pigeon  Woodpecker ;  Yellow-hammer— 
•Coldptes  aurdtus  luteus  Bangs.  Common  S.  R.;  frequent 
W.  R.  Orchards,  shade-trees,  clearings,  fields,  buildings. 
Nest  in  hole  in  tree  or  pole.  Eggs,  May  6  -  June  20. 


52  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS  . 

CAPRIMULGID.E.     GOATSUCKERS,  ETC. 

*416.  Cliuck- will's- widow — Antrostomus  carolinensis 
(Gmelin).  Accidental  from  South.  One  record.  Revere. 

417.  Wliip-poor-will — Antrostomus  vociferus  vocif- 
erus (Wilson).  Common  S.  R.  April  22)  30 -Sept.  25. 
Woods  and  thickets,  often  roadsides  and  yards;  nocturnal. 
Eggs  laid  on  ground,  in  woods.  May  18  -  June  9. 

42O.  Nighthawk — Chordeiles  virginidnus  virginianus 
{Gmelin).  Common  M.,  less  common  S.  R.  April  23) 
May  9  -  Oct.  6.  Flying  about  in  late  afternoon  and  in 
evening;  by  day  in  ledgy  woods.  Eggs  laid  on  bare  ground, 
ledges,  or  even  flat  graveled  roofs  in  cities  and  towns. 
Eggs,  June  5  - 15. 

MICROPODID^E.     SWIFTS. 

423.     Chimney  Swift ;  "  Chimney  Swallow  "— 

Chcetura  peldgica  (Linne.)  Common  S.  R.  April  18)  25- 
Sept.  25  (Oct.  12.  Flying  overhead;  especially  common 
near  old  chimneys  in  May  and  Aug.  Nest  of  twigs  in 
unused  chimney  flue.  Eggs,  June  10-30. 

TROCHILID^E.     HUMMINGBIRDS. 

428.  Ruby-throated  Hummingbird— Archilochus 
colubr is  (Linne).  Common  M.  arid  S.  R.  May  1)6 -Sept. 
23  (Oct.  15.  About  nectar-bearing  flowers,  borne  on  either 
trees,  shrubs,  vines,  or  herbaceous  plants.  'Nest  of  plant- 
down,  covered  with  lichens,  saddled  on  limb  of  tree,  in 
woods,  orchards  or  gardens.  Eggs,  May  24  -  June  15. 

TYRANNID.E.     TYRANT  FLYCATCHERS. 

444.  King'bird — Tyrannus   tyrannus  (Linne).     Com- 
mon S.  R.     April  27)  May  3  -  Sept.  19  (26.  Orchards,  fences, 
scattered  trees  in  fields ;   especially  in  vicinity   of   water; 
often  frequents  the  sea-beach.     Nest  in  tree,  well  out  on 
slender  limb.     Eggs,  May  30  -  July  4  (17. 

445.  Gray  Kingbird — Tyrannus  dominicensis  (Gme- 
lin).     Accidental  from  South.     One  record.  Lynn.  Oct. 

452.  Crested  Flycatcher — Myidrchus  crinitus  (Lin- 
ne). Uncommon  and  local  S.  R.;  rare  in  Essex  Co.  May 
1.)  9 -Sept.  26  (Oct.  15.  Open  woods,  clearings,  and  back- 
tying  orchards.  Nest  in  hollow  tree  or  limb.  Eggs, 
June  11  -  25. 


54       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

456.  Phoebe  ;  Barn  or  Bridge-Pewee  ;  Bridge- 
bird — Sayornis  phcebe  (Latham).  Common  S.  R.  Feb.  20) 
Mar.  12  -  Oct.  26  (Nov.  15.  About  barns,  sheds,  bridges, 
especially  if  near  water.  Nest  on  projection  under  bridge, 
in  cellar  or  shed.  Eggs,  April  27  -May  10;  2nd  brood,  June 
13  -  July  3.  Aug. 

*457.  Say's  Phoebe—  Sayornis  sdyus  (Bonaparte). 
Accidental  from  West,  One  record.  Sept. 

459.  Olive-sided  Flycatcher — Nuttallornis  boredlis 
(Swainson).  Rare  and  local  S.  R.  May  10 -Sept.  10. 
Perched  on  dead  limbs  and  tree-tops  in  mixed  and  conif- 
erous woods.  Nest  in  tree.  Eggs,  June  16- July. 

461.  Wood  Pewee — Myiochanes  virens  (Linne*). 
Common  S.  R.  May  10)  12 -Sept.  26  (Oct.  Woods,  shade- 
trees,  orchards.  Nest  in  tree.  Eggs,  June  10- July  10. 

463.  Yellow-bellied  Flycatcher — Empidonax  fla- 
viventris  (W.  M.  &  S.  F.  Baird).  Rare  M.  May  10)15- 
June  10  (15;  Aug.  25 -Sept.  10  (Nov.;  Dec.)  Damp,  ever- 
green thickets. 

*465.  Acadian  Flycatcher ;  Green-crested 
Flycatcher — Empidonax  virescens  (Vieillot).  Accidental 
from  South.  One  record.  f&  ') 

466a.  Alder  Flycatcher — Empidonax  trailli  alno- 
rum  Brewster.  Rare  and  local  S.  R.  May  16  -  Aug.  24. 
Swamps  and  alder-thickets.  Nest  in  low  bush.  Eggs, 
June  15  -  July  3. 

467.  Least  Flycatcher;  Chebec— Empidonax 
minimus  (W.  M.  &  S.  F.  Baird).  Very  common  S.  R.  April 
22)  28;  -  Sept.  21  (Oct.  2.  Orchards  and  shade-trees.  Nest 
in  tree.  Eggs,  May  20  -  July  1. 

ALAUDID^E.     LAKKS. 

474.  Horned  Lark  ;  Shore  Lark — Otocoris  alpes- 
tris alpestris  (Linne).  W.  V.  or.  W.  R.,  abundant  coast- 
wise in  fall,  less  plentiful  in  winter  and  spring.  Sept.  27) 
Oct.  17 -April  19  (May  27.  Open  fields,  hill-tops,  sea- 
shores, and  sand-dunes.  In  large  or  small  flocks,  flying 
over  or  running  about. 

474b.  Prairie  Horned  Lark—  Otocoris  alpestris 
praticola  Henshaw.  Rare  M.  and  S.  R.  Mar.  22  -  Nov.  9. 
Open  fields.  Nest  on  ground.  Eggs,  early  J  uly.  A  recent 
addition  to  the  avifauna  of  the  district,  invading  New  Eng- 
land from  the  West.  Now  breeds  regularly  at  Ipswich — 
C.  W.  T. 


56  BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

CORVID^E.    CROWS,  JAYS,  ETC. 

477.  Blue  Jay—  Cyanocitta  cristdta  cristata  (Linne*). 
Common  M.  and  R.,  most  conspicuous  in  winter.  Orchards, 
shade-trees,  and  woods.  Nest  in  tree.  Eggs,  April  28  - 
June  15. 

484.  Canada  Jay — Perisoreus  canadensis  canaden- 
sis  (Linne).  Accidental  from  North.  Summer;  Oct. 

*486a.  Northern  Raven— Corvus  corax  principdlis 
Ridgway.  Accidental  V.  No  recent  occurrences. 

488.  Crow — Corvus  brachyrhynchos  brachyrhynchos 
Brehm.  Common  R.,  often  abundant  W.  R.  near  coast, 
sometimes  forming  «l  roosts."  Everywhere.  Nests  in  pine- 
trees.  Eggs,  April  15 -June. 

*49O.  Fish  Crow—  Corvus  ossifragus  Wilson.  Casual 
from  South.  Mar.  16  -July  16.  Along  sea-coast  and  large 
streams. 

STURNID^E.    STARLINGS. 

Mr.  R.  B.  Mackintosh  reports  that  a  lone  female  has 
nested  in  Peabody  for  two  or  more  years,  usually  appear- 
ing in  March. 

[493,  Starling—  Sturnus  vulgdris  Linne.  Likely  to 
invade  the  district  at  any  time,  and  establish  itself  as  a 
P.  R.  in  cities  and  towns.] 

ICTERID^E.      BLACKBIRDS,  ORIOLES,  ETC. 

494.  Bobolink;    Skunk  Blackbird— Do lichonyx 
oryzivorus  (Linne).     Common  M.  and  S.  R.,  locally  abun- 
dant. April  27)  May  1  -  Sept.  29.    Grassy  meadows  and  pas- 
tures.    Nest  on  ground.     Eggs,  June  1  -  8. 

495,  Cowbird — Molothrus  dter  ater  (Boddaert).  Com- 
mon M.  and  S.  R. ;   rarely   winters.       Mar.  1)   11 -Nov.  21 
(winter).     In  flocks   perched  in   orchards   or  on  scattered 
trees,  or  walking  about  in  roads   and  pastures,  often  near 
cattle.    Eggs  placed  in  nests  of  other  birds.  May  15  -  July  1. 

*497.  Yellow-headed  Blackbird—  Xanthocepha- 
lus  xanthocephalus  (Bonaparte).  Accidental  from  West. 
Sept.  -  Oct. 

498.  Red- winged  Blackbird — Agelaiusphwniceus 
phceniceus  (Linne"),  Common,  locally  abundant,  M.  and  S. 
R.,  rarely  wintering.  Feb.  26)  Mar.  6  -  Oct.  20  (Nov.  28, 
winter).  Swamps  and  marshes;  flocks  of  males  in  early 
spring  give  operatic  entertainments  in  tree-tops;  on  hay- 


58  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

fields  directly  after  grass  is  cut.  Nest  usually  in  bushes  or 
weeds,  1-3  ft.  above  water  in  marshes  or  streams.  Eggs, 
May  10- June  18. 

5OI.  Meadowlark — Sturnella  mdgna  magna  (Linne). 
Common  S.  R. ;  near  coast  a  rare  W.  R.  Mar.  2  -  Nov. ; 
winter.  Damp,  grassy  fields,  and  pastures.  Nest  on 
ground.  Eggs,  May  11  -  June  28. 

506.  Orchard      Oriole — Icterus    spurius     (Linne). 
Rare  and  locals.  R.  near  coast.  May  1)  8- Aug.  15.  Orchards 
and  shade-trees.     Nest  in  tree.     Eggs,  May  28  -  June  25. 

507.  Baltimore  Oriole  ;  Golden  Robin ;  "  Fire- 
hang-bird;"    " Hang-nest"— Icterus  gdlbula  (Linne). 
Common  S.  R.     April  29)    May  4  -  Sept.   9  (Nov.).     Shade- 
trees  and  orchards.     Nest  pensile,  usually  in  elm  or  apple- 
tree.     Eggs,  May  24  -  July  4. 

5O9.  Rusty  Blackbird ;  Rusty  Grackle — Eupka- 
gus  carolinus  (Miiller).  Common  M.,  accidental  in  winter. 
Mar.  7  -  May  18  (30;  Sept.  12)  15  -  Nov.  1  (27;  (winter).  In 
flocks  in  swamps,  marshes,  and  wet  woods. 
*511.  Purple  Grackle;  Crow  Blackbird — Quis- 
calus  quiscula  quiscula  (Linne*).  Rare  S.  R. ;  "  occasional 
typical  birds  breed  in  southernmost  part  and  coastwise  to 
Cambridge."  Habits  and  season  same  as  next. 

51  Ib.  Bronzed  Grackle;  Crow  Blackbird— 
Quiscalus  quiscula  ceneus  Ridgway.  Common  M.  and  S. 
R.,  sometimes  appearing  in  very  large  flocks  in  fall;  rare 
in  winter  coastwise.  Feb.  23)  Mar.  10  -  Nov.  22  (winter.  In 
breeding  season  in  coniferous  trees  and  open  lands  near 
water.  Nest  on  branch  of  pine  tree,  in  bushes,  or  tree- 
cavities.  Eggs,  May  2- June  1. 

FBINGILLID^E.     FINCHES,  SPARROWS,  ETC. 

514.  Evening1  Grosbeak — Hesperiphona  vespertina 
vespertina  (Cooper).  Accidental  W.  V.  from  far  Northwest. 
Dec.  5  -  April.     Flights  in  1889-'90,  1903-'4,  1909,  1910-'ll. 

515.  Pine  Grosbeak — Pinicola   enucledtor  leucura 
(Miiller).     Irregular  W.  V.  from  North,   sometimes  plenti- 
ful.    Oct.  24  -  April  4  (24.     Coniferous  trees. 

51 7.  Purple  Finch  ;  "  Bed  Linnet"—  Carp odacus 
purpureus  purpureus  (Gmelin).  Common  M.  and  S.  R. ;  ir- 
regular, sometimes  plentiful,  in  winter.  Mar.  8  -Oct.  21; 
winter.  Orchards,  shade-trees,  groves,  woodlands.  Nest 
in  coniferous  tree.  Eggs,  May  25  -  June  19. 


60       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

[House  Sparrow  ;  English  Sparrow — Passer  do- 
mesticus  Linne.  Introduced  from  Europe.  Abundant  P. 
R.  in  cities  and  towns.  Nest  in  climbing  vines,  cavities  in 
trees,  buildings,  and  birdhouses.  Eggs,  April  -  July.] 

521.  Crossbill ;  American  Red  Crossbill— Loxia 
eurvirostra  minor  (Brehm).     Irregular,  sometimes  common 
W.  V.  from  North,  and  occasional  at  other  seasons.  Rarely 
breeds.     Coniferous  trees,  especially  pitch  pines.     Nest  in 
tree. 

522.  White-winged  Crossbill— Loxia    leucoptera 
Gmelin.     Irregular  W.  V.,  sometimes   common.     Oct.  22  - 
May  12  (25;  (June).     Conifers. 

52  7a.  Hoary  Redpoll — Acdnthis  hornernanni  ex- 
ilipes  (Coues).  Rare  W.  V.  Nov.  15  -  Mar.  20.  One  record 
for  Essex  Co.  Swampscott,  Nov.  16,  1878. 

528.  Redpoll— Acanthis  lindria  linaria  (Linne).   Fre- 
quent, often  abundant,  but  irregular  fall  and  W.  V.      Oct. 
16)  25-  April  10  (25.     Open  tree-growth   and   weedy  fields, 
feeding  on  seeds  of  birches,  alders,  ragweed,  etc.;  often  in 
large  flocks. 

528a.  HolboelFs  Redpoll — Acanthis  linaria  hol- 
boelli  (Brehm).  Very  rare  W.  V.  from  North.  Mar.  10,  26. 
Swampscott,  1883. 

528h.  Greater  Redpoll — Acanlhis  linaria  rostrdta 
(Coues).  Coastwise  W.  V.  from  North ;  irregular,  and  at 
times  common.  Dec.  27  -Feb.  25. 

*Brewster's  Linnet — Acanthis  brewsteri  Ridgway. 
Only  one  specimen  known,  taken  at  Waltham,  Nov.  1,  1870. 
Status  uncertain,  perhaps  a  hybrid  between  Redpoll  and 
Pine  Siskin. 

529.  Goldfinch  ;  Yellow-bird ;  "  Wild  Canary" 
— Astragalinus  tristis  tristis   (Linne).     Common  M.   and  S. 
R. ;  not  uncommon  in  winter;  most  conspicuous  in  July  and 
Aug.  In  flocks,  feeding  on  seeds  in  weedy  fields,  roadsides, 
and  gardens,  or  perched  on  trees  in  the  vicinity.     Nest  in 
bush  or  tree.     Eggs,  July  21  -  Aug.  11. 

533.  Pine  Siskin — Spinus  pinus  (Wilson).  Fall  and 
W.  V.,  irregular,  sometimes  common;  rarely  nests.  Sept. 
19 -May  30;  (summer).  Coniferous  trees.  Nest  in  tree. 
Eggs,  May. 

^European  Siskin—  Spinus  spinus  Linne.  Accidental 
from  Old  World;  one  record. 

^[European  Goldfinch— Car duelis  carduelis  (Linne). 
Introduced  but  not  established.  Bred  near  Worcester, 
July,  1890.] 


62  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

534.  Snow  Bunting;  Snowflake— Plectrophenax 
nivdlis  nivalis  (Linne).  Common,  sometimes  abundant  W. 
R.  coastwise;  irregularly  common  inland.  Oct.  12- April 3 
(May.  In  flocks,  circling  over  and  feeding  in  weedy  pas- 
tures, on  beaches  and  sand-dunes. 

536.  Lapland  Longspur— Calcdrius  lapponicus 
lapponicus  (Linne).  Irregularly  common  fall  M.  and  W.  R. 
coastwise;  rare  in  spring;  rare  inland.  Feb.  22 -May  1; 
Oct.  9  -  Dec.  11;  winter.  Open  fields,  sand  dunes,  marshes. 
In  flocks,  often  mingling  with  Snow  Buntings  and  Horned 
Larks. 

538.  Chestnut- collared  .Longspur—  Calcarius  or- 
ndtus  (J.  K.  Townsend).  Accidental  from  far  West.  Mag- 
nolia, July. 

540.  Vesper   Sparrow ;    Grass    Finch ;    Bay- 
winged  Bunting ;  Ground-bird — Pocecetes  gramine- 
us  gramineus   (Gmelin).     Common  M.    and  S.  R.     Mar.  17) 
27  -  Oct.  24  (Nov.  10;  Dec.  25.    Pastures,  grassy  fields,  road- 
sides.    Nest  on  ground.     Eggs,  May  10- June  10. 

541.  Ipswich       Sparrow— Passerculus       princeps 
Maynard.     Common  M.  and  rare  W.  R.  coastwise  on  sand 
dunes;  casual  inland.     Oct.  12  -  April  12.     First  discovered 
by  C.  J.  Maynard  on  the  Ipswich  sand  dunes,  1868,  where 
it  frequents  the  beach-grass,  the  seeds  of  which  probably 
form  its  chief  subsistence.     Its  only  known  summer  home 
is  Sable  Id.  where  it  is  called  the  "Gray  Bird." 

542a.  Savannah  Sparrow— Passerculus  sandwich- 
ensis  savanna  (Wilson).  Common  M.  and  S.  R.;  rare  or 
casual  W.  R.  near  coast.  Perched  on  fences,  or  skulking 
through  the  grass  of  damp  fields  and  marshes.  Nests  on 
the  ground.  Eggs,  May  21  -  June  20. 

546.  Grasshopper   Sparrow ;    Yellow- winged 
Sparrow — Ammodramus  savanndrurn  austrdlis  Maynard. 
Scarce  or  local  S.  R.     April  25)  May  10-Sept.  1  (Dec.  10). 
Dry,  sandy,  weed-grown   fields,  where  it  sings  an  insect- 
like  song  from  weed-stalks,  fence-posts,  or  bushes.     Nest 
on  ground. 

547.  Henslow's  Sparrow— Passerherbulus  henslowi 
henslowi  (Audubon).     Scarce  and  local  S.  R.     May  6-  Sept. 
(Nov.)     Damp  marshes  and  sedgy  bogs.     Nest  on  ground. 
Eggs,  May  25. 

549.  Sharp-tailed  Sparrow — Passerherbulus  caud- 
acutus  (Gmelin).  Scarce  S.  R.  in  sea-board  salt-marshes; 
rare  W.  R.  on  Cape  Cod.  May  19 -Nov.  8  (winter).  Nest 
on  ground.  Eggs,  June  8  -  July  12. 


64  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

549.1.  Nelson's  Sparrow;  Nelson's  Sharp- 
tailed  Finch — Passer herbulus  nelsoni  nelsoni  (Allen). 
Scarce  fall  M.;  rare  W.  R.  on  south  shore.  Sept.  25  -  Oct. 
15  (winter).  Marshes  and  cranberry-bogs. 

549. la.  Acadian  Sharp-tailed  Sparrow— Pas- 
serherbulus  nelsoni  subvirgdtus  (Dwight).  Scarce  M.  coast- 
wise, casual  inland.  May  20- June  11;  Sept.  3- Nov.  5. 
Brackish  or  freshwater  marshes. 

55O.  Seaside  Sparrow— Passer  herbulus  maritimus 
maritimus  (Wilson).  Rare  and  local  S.  R.  and  W.  R.  on 
south  shore.  April  14 -winter.  Salt  marshes.  Nest  on 
ground.  Eggs,  July  17. 

552.  Lark  Sparrow;  Lark  Finch— Chondestes 
grdmmacus  grammacus  (Say).  Accidental  from  West.  April 
29;  Aug.  12 -Nov.  25. 

554.  White-crowned  Sparrow— Zonotrichia  leu- 
cophrys  leucophrys  (J.  R.  Forster).  Uncommon  M.  May 
4-27  (June  6;  Sept.  23)  30 -Oct.  22  (Nov.  5.  Thickets, 
bushy  roadsides,  etc. 

558.  White-throated  Sparrow ;  Peabody-hird 
— Zonotrichia  albicollis  (Gmelin).     Common  M. ;  rare  S.  R. ; 
rare  W.  R.  near  coast.     April  15)  22  -  May  18  (26;  summer; 
Sept.  1)  12-  Nov.  10;   winter.     Thickets.     Nest  on  ground 
or  in  bush.     Eggs,  June. 

559.  Tree  Sparrow— Spizella   monticola   monticola 
(Gmelin).    Very  common  M.  and  less  common  W.  R.   Sept. 
21)  Oct.  16  -  April  28  (May  7.  Thickets,  fields  'and  marshes. 

560.  Chipping:  Sparrow ;  Chip-bird  ;  Hair-bird 
— Spizella  passerina  passer ina  (Bechstein).     Abundant  M. 
and  S.  R.     Mar.  13)  April  5  •  Nov.  25  (Dec.  31.     Orchards, 
lawns,  gardens,  and  fields   near  dwellings.     Nest  in  trees, 
vines,  etc.     Eggs,  May  12  -  June  26. 

*562.  Brewer's  Sparrow — Spizella  breweri  Cassin. 
Accidental  from  West.  Watertown,  Dec.  15, 1873. 

563.  Field  Sparrow—  Spizella  pusilla  pusilla  (Wil- 
son). CommonS.  R.;  rare  W.  R.  near  coast.  Mar.  29) 
April  1-Nov.  13;  (winter).  Bushy  fields  and  pastures, 
particularly  on  drier  soil.  Nest  on  ground  or  in  bushes. 
Eggs,  May  8  -  June  12. 

567.  Slate-colored  Junco;  Junco;  Black 
Snowbird — Junco  hy emails  hy emails  (Linne).  Common, 
often  abundant,  M.;  not  uncommon  in  winter.  Occasion- 
ally breeds  (Wellesley,  nest,  4  eggs,  May  19,  1911).  Mar. 
8- May  21;  summer;  Sept.  3  •  Nov.  30;  winter.  Clearings 


66       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

and  woodland  edges,  thickets,  and  weedy  fields.  Nest  on 
ground,  rarely  in  bushes.  Eggs,  June  -  (Aug.  6). 

*567f.  Montana  Junco — Junco  hyemalis  montdnus 
Ridgway.  Accidental  from  West.  Watertown,  Mar.  25, 
1874. 

581,  Song"  Sparrow — Melospiza  melodia  melodia 
(Wilson).  Abundant  M.  and  S.  R.;  uncommon  W.  R. 
Mar.  10 -Nov.  15;  winter.  Meadows,  swamps,  marshes, 
thickets.  Nest  on  ground  or  in  bushes.  Eggs,  April  30  - 
July  29. 

583.  Lincoln's    Sparrow— Melospiza    lincolni    lin- 
colni  (Audubon).     Rare  spring  and  uncommon  fall  M.  Mav 
7)  12  -  25  (June  1 ;   Sept.    12  -  Oct.    14   (Nov.    1).      Bushes, 
stone  walls,  thickets,  and  tangles. 

584.  Swamp  Sparrow — Melospiza  georgidna  (Lath- 
am).    Common  M.  and  local  S.  R. ;   rare   W.  R.    near  coast 
as  far  as   Beverly.     Mar.    27  -  Nov.  30;   winter.      Swamps, 
marshes,   borders   of  streams.     Nest  on  ground.      Eggs, 
May  13  -  July  14. 

585.  Fox  Sparrow — Passerella  iliaca  iliaca  (Mer- 
rem).     Common   M.,    sometimes    abundant;    occasionally 
winters;  Mar.  3)  9  -  April  25  (May  2;  Sept.  17)  Oct.  15  -  Nov. 
27  (winter.     Thickets  and  woodland  edges. 

587.  Towhee;  Chewink;  Ground  Robin— Pi- 
pilo  erythrophthdlmus  erythrophthalmus  (Linne).  Common 
S.  R.;  casual  in  winter  (Manchester).  April  2)  18  -  Oct.  22 
(Nov.,  Dec.;  winter.)  Dry,  or  highland  thickets  and  sprout- 
land,  bushy  pastures.  Nest  on  ground,  rarely  in  bush. 
Eggs,  May  17  -  July  12. 

593.  Cardinal ;  Red-bird ;  Virginia  Nightin- 
gale— Cardindlis  cardinalis  cardinalis  (Linne).  Occasional 
V.  at  all  seasons  coming  from  the  south,  and  frequent  es- 
capes from  captivity.  Rarely  nests,  in  bushes;  eggs,  June  6. 

595.  Rose-breasted  Grosbeak— Zamelodia  ludovic- 
idna  (Linne).  Common  S.  R.,  apparently  increasing  in 
numbers.  April  26)  May  2  -  Oct.  3.  Orchards,  woodlands, 
and  shade-trees.  Nest  in  trees  or  bushes.  Eggs,  May  25  - 
June  15. 

*597.  Blue  Grosbeak — Guiraca  ccerulea  ccerulea 
(Linne*).  Accidental  from  South.  Brookline,  May  29,  1880. 

598.  Indigo  Bunting;  Indigo-bird— Passerina 
cydnea  (Linne).  Common  M.  and  S.  R.,  somewhat  local. 
May  8  -  Oct.  29  (Dec.  Clearings,  orchards,  shade-trees, 
bushy  pastures,  thickets.  Singing  from  tree-tops  ^in  sea- 
son. Nest  in  low  bushes  or  tangles.  Eggs,  June  3  -  22. 


68  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

[*6O1.    Painted  Bunting— Passerina  ciris   (Linne). 
Four  instances;  regarded  as  escaped  cage-birds.] 

604.  Dickcissel;     Black-throated    Bunting — 

Splza  americdna  (Gmelin).  No  recent  occurrences;  for- 
merly a  scarce  S.  R.  coastwise,  but  now  rare  east  of  the  Al- 
leghanies. 

605.  Lark     Bunting—  Calamospiza       melanocorys 
Stejneger.     Accidental  from  West.     Lynn,  Dec.  5,  1877. 

TANGARnxE.    TANAGERS. 

607.  Western  Tanager ;  Louisiana  Tanager — 

Pirdnga  ludovicidna  (Wilson).  Accidental  from  West. 
Lynn,  Jan.  20,  1878. 

608.  Scarlet  Tanager — Piranga  erythromelas  Vieil- 
lot.     Common  S.  R.     April  30)  May  8  -  Oct.  11  (16.     Decid- 
uous woodlands  and  groves.     Nest  in  tree.    Eggs,  June  2  - 

610.  Summer  Tanager— Piranga  rubra  rubra  (Lin- 
ne).    Accidental  in  summer  from  South.     April  21  -  Aug. 

HIRUNDINID^E.    SWALLOWS. 

611.  Purple  Martin — Progne  subis  subis  (Linne). 
Common,  local  S.  R.  until  recently.     Nearly  exterminated 
by  storms  in  spring  of  1903.     Two   or  three   were  seen  in 
Hamilton,  June,  1909.     April  14)   19  -  Sept.    1  (30.     Flying 
about  nesting-site  and   sailing  high  overhead,   wandering 
widely  in  August.     Nest  in  bird-houses  near  'dwellings,  in 
colonies.     Eggs,  May  30  -  June  21. 

612.  Cliff  Swallow  ;  Eaves  Swallow— Petrochel- 
idon  lunifrons  lunifrons  (Say).     Common  M.  and   less  com- 
mon and  local  S.  R.     (Ipswich,   Topsfield,   Saugus,   Lynn- 
field).     April  23  -  Sept.  4  (30.     Flying  about  in  open  coun- 
try, especially  near  nesting-site.     Nests   in  colonies   under 
eaves  of  old  barns  and  sheds.     Eggs,  May  25  -  July  20. 

613.  Barn   Swallow ;    Fork-tailed  Swallow— 
Hirundo   erythrogdstra   Boddaert.     Common  M.  and  S.  R. 
April  5)  17  -  Sept.    30   (Oct.  7.     About  old  barns,   in  open 
fields,  on  telegraph  wires.  Nest  on  rafters  of  old  barns  and 
sheds.     Eggs,  May  18  -  July  12. 

614.  Tree  Swallow ;  White-bellied  Swallow— 
Iridoprocne  bicolor  (Vieillot).     Common  M.   and  less  com- 
mon S.  R.    Mar.  15)  22  -  Oct.  17  (Nov.  2.    Flying  in  vicinity 
of  water  or  nesting-site,   or  perched   on  telegraph  wires. 


70  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

Nest  in  hole  in  tree,  or  bird-house   near  dwelling.     Eggs, 
May  14  -  June  15. 

616.  Bank  Swallow;  Sand  Swallow— Bipdria 
riparia  (Linne).  Common  M.  and  local  S.  R.  (according  to 
nesting  conditions).  April  24  -  Sept.  2  (Nov.  2.  Flying 
near  nesting-site.  Nest  in  horizontal  burrow  in  earth 
bank,  usually  near  water.  Eggs,  May  28  -  June  17. 

BOMBYCILLID^E.       WAXWINGS. 

618.  Bohemian    Wax  wing— Bomby  cilia    gdrrula 
(Linne).     Accidental  W.  V.  from  North.    Dec.  26  -  Feb.  18. 

619.  Cedar  Waxwing;  Cedar-bird— Bomby  cilia 
cedrorum  Vieillot.     Common  M.  and  S.  R.  and  irregular  V. 
at  other  seasons.     Orchards,  shade-trees,  woodlands.  Nest 
in  tree.     Eggs,  May  30  -  July. 

LANIID.E.    SHRIKES. 

621.  Northern  Shrike;  Butcher-Bird— Ldnius 
boredlis  Vieillot.  Uncommon,  somewhat  irregular  W.  R. 
Oct.  6  )  12-  April  16  (  May.  Perched  on  scattered  trees  in 
fields  near  thickets,  sometimes  in  towns,  where  it  preys  on 
the  House  Sparrow. 

622e.  Migrant  Shrike ;  Northern  Loggerhead 
Shrike — Lanius  ludovicidnus  migrans  W.  Palmer.  Rare 
M.  and  very  rare  W.  V.  Jan.  28,  April.  Aug.  22  -  Nov.  27 
(Dec.  19). 

VlREONIB^E.       VlREOS. 

624.  Red-eyed  Vireo— Vireosylva  olivdcea  (LinnS). 
Common  S.  R.  May  4  -  Oct.  ll(Nov.  Orchards,  shade- 
trees,  and  edges  or  clearings  in  deciduous  woodlands.  Nest 
pensile  in  fork  of  tree-branch  or  bush,  usually  low.  Eggs, 
May  25 -July  20. 

626.  Philadelphia  Vireo—  Vireosylva  philadelphica 
Cassin.     Very  rare  M.     May  ?  -  17;  Sept.  7  -  27. 

627.  Warbling     Vireo—  Vireosylva      gilva     gilva 
(Vieillot).   Common  S.  R.     April  24)29 -Sept.  26.  Orchards 
and  shade-trees,  especially  elms  in   village   streets.     Nest 
pensile  in  tree.     Eggs,  May  30  -  June  11. 

628.  Yellow-throated  Vireo— Lanivireo  fldvifrons 
(Vieillot).     Common  -S.  R.     May   1-Sept.    19.     Orchards, 
shade-trees,  and     woodland  edges.     Nest  pensile  in  tree. 
Eggs,  May  24- June  17. 


72  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

629.  Blue-headed  Vireo  ;  Solitary  Vireo—  Lani- 
mreo  solitdrius  solitarius  (Wilson).  Not  uncommon  M.; 
rare  and  local  S.  R.  April  11)18  -  May  8  (13  ;  Sept.  11)  15  - 
Oct.  5  (17.  Cool  mixed  or  white  pine  woods  and  groves. 
Nest  in  tree.  Eggs,  May  13  -  June  26. 

631.  White-eyed  Vireo—  Vir  eo  griseus  griseus 
{Boddaert).  Scarce  or  rare  and  local  S.  R.  near  coast  and 
in  southeast  section.  May  2)  8  -Sept.  27  (Oct.  30.  Damp 
thickets.  Nest  in  bushes.  Eggs,  May  22-  June  18. 


.       WOOD    WARBLERS. 

636.  Black  and  White  Warhler—  MniotUta  vdria 
"(Linne*).  Very  common  M.  and  less  common  S.  R.  April 
18)  28-  Oct.  29  (Dec.  5.  Mixed  woodlands,  orchards,  and 
shade-trees.  Nest  on  ground.  Eggs,  May  17-  June  22. 

*637.  Prothonotary  Warbler—  ProZonoZaria  citrea 
(Boddaert).  Accidental  from  South.  May  1  -  Sept.  15. 

639.  Worm-eating  Warbler  —  Helmitheros  vermiv- 
orus  (Gmelin).  Accidental  from  South.  Salem  Wiliows, 
April  14,  16,  1902;  other  records  in  eastern  Mass.,  May  9, 
Sept.  19. 

*641.  Blue-  winged  Warbler—  Vermivor  a  pinus 
{Linne).  Very  rare  V.  from  South.  May  12-17.  Very 
rare  S.  R.  Sudbury,  1909. 

642.  Golden-  winged  Warbler—  Vermivor  a  chrys- 
vptera  (Linne).  Scarce  S.  R.,  not  uncommon  locally  in 
Essex  Co.  and  in  parts  of  Wellesley,  Weston,  Waltham,  etc. 
May  4)  7  -  Sept.  1  (Oct.  8.  Low,  bushy  growths  and  sprout 
lands.  Nest  on  ground.  Eggs,  May  17  -  June  22. 
^Lawrence's  Warbler  —  Vermivor  a  Idwrencei  (Her- 
rick).  Very  rare  S.  V.  or  S.  R.  Dedham,  May  27,  1908. 
Probably  a  hybrid  between  Blue-winged  and  Golden- 
winged  Warblers. 

*Brewster's  Warbler—  V  ermivora  leucobronchidlis 
(Brewster).  Rare  S.  R.  May  14  -summer.  Nest  on  ground. 
Eggs,  June  8  -18.  Probably  a  hybrid  between  Blue-winged 
and  Golden-winged  Warblers  and  similar  in  habits. 

645.  Nashville    Warbler  —  Vermivor  a   rubricapilla 
rubricapilla  (Wilson).     Common  M.    and   less   common  S. 
R.;  accidental  in  W.     April  20)  May  2  -Sept.  25.     (Oct.  14, 
Jan.).     Open  woodlands,  near  swamps  and  streams.     Nest 
on  ground.     Eggs,  May  21  -  June  21. 

646.  Orange-crowned  Warbler—  Vermivora  celdta 


74  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

celata  (Say).  Rare  M.  or  accidental  V.  Lynn,  Jan.  1,  1875. 
May  15,  Sept.  30  -  Nov.  29. 

647.  Tennessee  Warbler—  Vermivora  peregrina 
(Wilson).  Rare  M.;  exceedingly  rare  in  autumn.  May 
10)  15  -  25  (30;  Aug.  -Sept.  10. 

648a.  Northern  Parula  Warbler ;  Blue  Yel- 
low-backed Warbler  ;  Usnea  Warbler — Compsoth- 
lypis  americdna  usnece  Brewster.  Common  M.  and  scarce 
and  local  S.  R.  April  25)  May  1  -  Oct.  10  (Nov.  19.  Wood- 
lands, sometimes  orchards,  and  shade-trees,  during  migra- 
tion. Nest  in  pendulous  mass  of  Usnea  lichen,  on  trees, 
usually  in  swamps.  Eggs,  May  30  -July  5. 

65O.  Cape  May  Warbler— Dendroica  tigrina 
(Gmelin).  Rare  M.  May  2)  10-25;  Aug.  18-Sept.  15  (Oct. 
9.  Open  woodlands. 

652.  Yellow  Warbler ;  Yellow-bird ;  Summer 
Yellow-bird— Dendroica  cestiva  cestiva  (Gmelin).  Very 
common  M.  and  8.  R.  April  23)  May  1  -  Sept.  30  (Nov.  28. 
Orchards  and  gardens,  shade-trees,  thickets  and  bushy 
swamps.  Nest  in  tree  or  bush.  Eggs,  May  20- June  14. 

654.  Black- tbroated  Blue  Warbler— Dendroica 
cceruiescens  ccerulescens  (Gmelin).     Common   M.   and  very 
rareS.  R.     (Nest  at  Sterling,  May  28,  1911)  May   5)    10-25 
(June  3;  Aug.  26)  Sept.  10  -  Oct.  11  (Nov.  3. 

655.  Myrtle  Warbler  ;  Yellow-rumped  War- 
bler— Dendroica    corondta    (Linne*).     Very    common   M.; 
scarce  S.  R.  in  small  numbers  in  northern  part  of  Worces- 
ter Co.  (Winchendon,  Mt,  Wachusett);  local  but  regular  W. 
R.  coastwise  (Ipswich  and   Cape   Cod),   sometimes  inland 
occasionally  as  far  as   Wellesley,   at  that  season   feeding 
largely  on  bay-berries.     April  13  -  May  30;  summer;   Aug. 
21  -  Nov.  26;  winter.    Open  tree-growth;  in  winter,  vicinity 
of  bayberry  thickets. 

*656.  Audubon's  Warbler — Dendroica  auduboni 
auduboni  (J.  K.  Townsend).  Accidental  from  West.  Cam- 
bridge, Nov.  15. 

657.  Magnolia  Warbler;  Black  and  Yellow 
Warbler— Dendroica  magnolia  (Wilson).  Common  M. 
May  4)  7-30;  Aug.  25)  Sept.  10-25  (Oct.  9.  Woodlands 
generally. 

*658.  Cerulean  Warbler— Dendroica  cerulea 
(Wilson).  Accidental  from  South.  Cohasset. 

659.  Chestnut-sided  Warbler— Dendroica  pensyl- 
vdnica  (Linne).  Very  common  M.  and  less  common  S.  R. 


76  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

April  28)  May  2  -  Sept.  15  (30.     Open  woods,  thickets  and 
sprout  land.     Nest  in  bushes.     Eggs,  May  26  -  June  17. 

660.  Bay-breasted  Warbler— Dendroica  castdnea 
(Wilson).     Rare  M.,  sometimes  common.     May   8)  15-28; 
(June,  July)  Aug.  23)  Sept.  10 -Oct.  1(8. 

661.  Black-poll  Warbler— Dendroica  stridta.  (J. 
R.  Forster).       Common  M.,    very  common  in  fall.     April 
15)  May  8  -  June  14 ;  Aug. ;  Sept.  1)  12  -  30(  Nov.  7. 

662.  Blackburnian   Warbler— Dendroica     fusca 
(Miiller).     Scarce  M. ;  rare  S.  R.     May  2)   6-30;    summer; 
Sept.  7-23  (Oct.  10.     Mixed  and  coniferous  woods,  espec- 
ially of  hemlock  and  white  pine.     Nest  in  coniferous  tree. 
Eggs,  June  5  -  26. 

*663.  Yellow-throated  Warbler— Dendroica  dom- 
inica  dominica  (Linne).  Accidental  from  South.  Nov. 
Dedham. 

667.  Black-throated  Green  Warbler— Dendroi- 
ca virens  (Grmelin).  Very  common  M.  and  S.  R.  April 
30)  May  1-Oct.  29  (Nov.  3  White  pine  groves  and  wood- 
lands. Nest  in  pine  tree.  Eggs,  May  30  -  June  18. 

671.  Pine  Warbler     Dendroica  vigor  si  (Audubon). 
Common  M.  and  S.    R. ;   accidental    in   winter.     Mar.    29) 
April  7 -Nov.  25  (winter.     Pitch   pine   groves   and  wood- 
lands.    Nest  in  tree.     Eggs,  May  8- June  16;  July. 

672.  Palm  Warbler  ;  Red-poll  Warbler—  Den- 
droica palmdrum  palmarum  (Gmelin.)     Rare  fall   M.  Sept. 
7)  15-  Oct.  10  (28;  (Dec.  6).     See  next  for  haunts. 

672a.  Yellow  Palm  Warbler;  Yellow  Red- 
poll— Dendroica  palmarum  hypochrysea  Ridgway.  Common 
spring  and  scarce  fall  M.  Mar.  28)  April  13  -  May  6  (21; 
Sept.  5)  30  -  Oct.  15  (26.  Open  tree-growth,  thickets,  edges 
of  fields,  roadsides;  much  upon  the  ground. 

673.  Prairie  Warbler— Dendroica  discolor  (Vieil- 
lot).     Locally  common  S.  R.,  chiefly  near  coast;  accidental 
in  winter  on  Cape  Cod.     May  2)  6 -Sept.  25   (Jan.).     Dry, 
upland  bushy  fields  and  sprout  lands;   often  in   pastures 
with   a  bushy  growth   of  junipers   and  barberry  bushes. 
Nest  in  bush.     Eggs,  Mar.  28  -  June  18. 

674-  Oven-bird;  Golden-crowned  Thrush— 
Seiurus  aurocapillus  (Linne).  Very  common  M.  and  S.  R, 
April  30)  May  2 -Sept.  27  (Dec.  30).  Groves  and  wood- 
lands, largely  walking  on  the  ground.  Nest  on  ground, 
covered.  Eggs,  May  17  -  June  16;  (July  8). 


78  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

675.  Water-Thrush;  Water  Wagtail— Seiurus 
noveboracensis  noveboracensis  (Gmelin).  Common  M. ;  rare 
and  local  S.  K.  April  25)  May  2  -  June  5;  (summer);  Aug. 
1  -  Oct.  16.  Walking  on  the  borders  of  woodland  streams, 
ponds,  and  swampy  pools.  Nest  on  ground  or  among  tree- 
roots.  Eggs,  May  21. 

*676.  Louisiana  Water-Thrush—  Seiurus  mota- 
cilla  (Vieillot).  Very  rare  V.  Wellesley,  April  13,  1902. 

*677.  Kentucky  Warhler—  Oporornis  formosus 
(Wilson).  Accidental  V.  Wellesley,  May  14.  1907.  Doubt- 
fully reported  from  Lynn.  Undergrowth  in  swampy  woods. 

6  78.  Connecticut  Warbler—  Oporornis  dgilis  dgilis 
(Wilson).  Rare  fall  M.  (accidental  in  spring?;  (May?)  Sept. 
7  -  Oct.  9.  Woodlands  and  thickets,  often  on  the  ground. 

679.  Mourning'  Warbler—  Op  or  or  ms  Philadelphia 
(Wilson).  Rare  M.  May  14)  21  -  June  13;  Sept.  12  -  30. 
Thickets  and  tangles. 

68 1  d.  Maryland  Yellow-throat—  Geothlypis 
trichas  trichas  (Linne).  Very  common  M.  and  S.  R. ;  acci- 
dental in  winter.  April  30)  May  2  -  Oct.  21  (winter). 
Swamps,  bushy  meadows,  and  springy  runs.  Nest  on  or 
near  ground,  Eggs,  May  24  -  June  17.  T 

683.  Yellow-breasted  Chat— Icteria  virens  virens 
(Linne).  Rare  and  local  S.  R.,  in  certain  localities  near 
coast  formerly  not  uncommon,  especially  in  Essex  Co.  May 
10  -  Sept.  10  (Oct.  26,  Lynnfield,  1907).  Essex,  Salem, 
Swampscott,  Lynn,  Melrose,  Maiden,  Saugus  and  Brain- 
tree.  Probably  bred  in  Ipswich  the  last  3  or  4  summers, — 
C.  W.  T.  Damp  thickets,  tangles  of  bushes  and  smilax  in 
wet  runs  and  edges  of  swamps.  Nest  low,  2  -  4ft.,  in  bush. 
Eggs,  May  18  -June  18. 

*684.  Hooded  Warhler—  Wilsonia  citrina  (Bod- 
daert).  Rare  or  accidental  S.  V.  from  South.  May  8,  June 
25,  Oct.  15. 

685.  Wilson's  Warbler  ;  Wilson'      Black-cap 
—  Wilsonia  pusilla  pusilla  (Wilson).      Scarce  M.     May  7 - 
30;  Aug.  23  -  Sept.  27  (Nov.  20.      Woodland  undergrowth, 
near  streams  and  in  swamps. 

686.  Canada  Warhler—  Wilsonia  canadensis  (Lin- 
ne).    Common  M.  and   rare  and  local  S.  R.     May  9  -  Sept. 
29.     Breeds  in   Essex  Co.     Swampy   woods  and   thickets. 
Nest  on  or  near  ground.     Eggs,  June  9  -  26. 

687.  Redstart—  Setophaga    ruticilla  (Linne).     Very 
common  M.  and  S.  R.     April  23)  May  4  -  Oct.  12  (Nov.  1. 


80       BIRDS  OF  EASTERN  MASSACHUSETTS 

Woodlands,  orchards,  and  shade-trees.  Nest  in  tree.  Eggs, 
May  29  -  June  21. 

MOTACILT.ID^E.       WAGTAILS. 

697.  Pipit;  Titlark — Anthus  rubescens  (Tunstall), 
Common  fall  M.,  very  scarce  in  spring;  accidental  in  win- 
ter. April  18-  May  20  (June  8);  (Aug.  29)  Sept.  10  -  Nov. 
24  (winter).  Plowed  fields,  barren  grounds,  seashores. 

MIMID^E.    THRASHERS,  MOCKINGBIRDS,  ETC. 

703.  Mockingbird — Mimus  polyglottos    polyglottos 
(Linne).     Occasional  V.  at  all  seasons,  and  rare  S.  R.;  also 
frequent  as  escapes  from    captivity.      Thickets   and  tree- 
clumps.     Nest  in  bush  or  tree.     June  13  -  20. 

704.  Catbird — Dumetella  carolinensis  (Linne*).    Very 
common  S.  R. ;  accidental  in  winter.     April  13)  29  -  Oct.  16 
(Dec.).     Damp  thickets  and  tangles.  Nest  in  bush  or  vines. 
Eggs,  May  22  -  June  20. 

705.  Brown  Thrasher ;  Brown  Thrush;  Plant- 
ing-bird— Toxostoma  rufum  (Linns').     Common  S.  R.  and 
accidental  W.  R.  April  16)  20  -  Oct.  26  (Nov.;  winter.    Dry 
thickets,  borders  of  woods,  and  sprout-lands.     Sings  from 
tops  of  trees  in  spring.     Nest  low,  in  bushes  or  on  ground. 
Eggs,  May  10  -  June  21. 

TROGLODYTID^E.     WRENS.    . 

718.  Carolina  Wren— Thryo  thorns  ludovicidnus 
ludovicianus  (Latham).  Occasional  at  all  seasons  and  very 
rare  8.  R.  Lynn,  July  6,  1878.  Essex  Co.,  Feb.  -  Aug., 
1909 — C.  W.  T.  Dense  undergrowth  and  tangles. 

721.  House  Wren—  Troglodytes  aedon  aedon  Vieil- 
lot.     Scarce  and  local  S.  R. ;    formerly  common.     April  24) 
May  1  -  Oct.  80.     Recorded  from  Ipswich,  Hamilton,  Lynn- 
field,  and  Saugus.     I  have  met  with  it  in  summer  at   Bel- 
niont,  Sherborn,  and  Stow  within  the  last  three  years.    Old 
orchards,  brush-piles,  and  out-buildings.     Nest  in  cavity  of 
tree,  bird-box,  crevice,   or  other  shelter.     Eggs,   May  25  - 
June  5. 

722.  Winter    Wren — Ndnnus     hiemdlis    hiemalis 
(Vieillot).     Scarce  M.,  rare  W.  R.;  very  rare  S.  R.  April  4  - 
29;  summer;    Sept.  2  -  Nov.   25;    winter.      Old   wood    and 
brush  piles,  fallen  logs,  damp  thickets,  and  bushy  nooks. 


82  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

724.  Short-billed  Marsh  Wren—  Cistothorus  stel- 
Idris  (N"aumann).     Kather    scarce    S.    R.    except    locally 
(Hamilton,  Saugus,  Lynnfield).     May  6-  Oct.  9.  Wet  mead- 
ows, among  grasses  and   sedges,   often  in  colonies.     Nest 
spherical,   among    grass-stems,  near  ground.     Eggs,  May 
25- June  18;  July  7. 

725.  Long-billed    Marsh    WrQn—Telmat6dyte* 
palustris  palustris  (Wilson).      Locally  common  S.  R.;  rare- 
ly winters.     May  2)  15  -  Nov.  30  (winter).     Cat-tail  swamps 
and  borders  of  streams   among  coarse  grasses  and  sedges, 
usually  in  colonies.     Nest  of  grass,   globular,   entrance    on 
side,  supported   among  cat-tails,   grass-stems,  etc.     Eggs, 
June  5  -  29  (Aug.  1).    Ipswich  R.    in   Topsfleld   and    Wen- 
ham;   Fresh   Pond   marshes   in  Cambridge;    Sudbury    R. 
meadows  in  Wayland;   Charles  R.  Broads   in   Medfield  and 
Sherborn;  etc.     Essex  Co.   is  thought  to  be   the  northeast- 
ern limit  of  its  range. 

CEBTHIID^E.     CREEPERS. 

726.  Brown  Creeper — Certhia  familidris  americdna 
Bonaparte.     Common  M.  and  W.  R. ;   very  rare   and  local 
S.  R.  in  cold  swamps  (Hamilton,  Taunton).     Sept.  12  -  May 
8;  summer.     Woodlands  and  groves,   climbing  tree-trunks 
spirally,  often  in  company   with   chickadees.     In  breeding 
season,  cold  swamps.     Nest  on  tree-trunk,  behind  flake  of 
loose  bark.     Eggs,  May  6  -  23. 

SITTID^E.     NUTHATCHES. 

727.  White-breasted  Nuthatch— Sitta  carolinen- 
*is  carolinensis  Latham.     Common  M.    and   less   common 
W.  R.,  and  not   uncommon  S.  R.     Trees  generally,  clamb- 
ering about  on  trunks  and  larger  limbs.     Nest  in  hole  in 
tree  or  stump.     Eggs,  April  3  -  May  1. 

728.  Red-breasted    Nuthatch— Sitta   canadensis 
Linne.     Irregular  fall  and   W.    V.,    sometimes   abundant; 
rare  S.  R.     Aug.  15  -  May  20;  summer.     Tree-growth  gen- 
erally, conifers  by  preference.     Nest  in  hole  in  dead  tree. 
Eggs,  May  18  -  June  10. 

PARID^E.     TITMICE. 

735.     Chickadee;    Black-capped    Titmouse— 

Penthestes  atricapillus  (Linne).     Very  common  R.,   espec- 
ially noticeable  in  winter,     Orchards  and  woodlands.  Nest 


84  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

excavated  in  dead  trunk,  often  near  water.     Eggs,  May  4  - 
June  25;  July. 

74O.  Hudsonian  Chickadee—  Penthestes  hudsoni- 
cus  hudsonicus  (J.  R.  Forster).  Accidental  fall  and  W.  V. 
from  North.  Oct.  18  -  April  5  (June).  Coniferous  forests; 
white  pine  groves. 

SYLVIID^E.     KINGLETS,  GNATCATCHERS,  ETC. 

748.  Golden-crowned  Kinglet— Reg ulus  sdtrapa 
xatrapa  Lichtenstein.     Common  M.    and  W.  R. ;   very   rare 
S.  R.     Sept.  -  April;  summer.     Trees  generally,  evergreens 
especially.     Nest  in  coniferous  tree.     Eggs,  May  -  June  29. 

749.  Ruby-crowned  Kinglet— Reg  ulus  calendula 
calendula   (Linne).      Common   M.,    accidental   in    winter. 
April  5  -  May  13;  Sept.  23  -  Nov.  20;  (winter).   Tree-growth 
generally. 

751.  Blue-gray  Gnatcatcher-Po^dp^Za  ccerulea 
ccerulea  (Linne).  Accidental  V.  from  South;  possibly  bred 
once  near  Taunton.  Magnolia,  West  Manchester.  Aug.  27  - 
Dec.  18. 

TURDID^E.     THRUSHES,  BLUEBIRDS,  ETC. 

755.  Wood  Thrush— Hylocichla  mustetina  (Gmelin). 
Common  S.  R.  April  26)    May   1  -  Sept.    28   (Oct.,  Nov.  18. 
Swampy  undergrowth  of  deciduous   woods.     Nest  in  bush 
or  tree.     Eggs,  May  25  -  June  15  (26). 

756.  Veery ;  Wilson's  Thrush— Hylocichla  fusces- 
cens  fuscescens  (Stephens).     Very  common  S.  R.     April  30) 
May  4  -Sept.  27  (Oct.  14.     Swampy  undergrowth.     Nest  in 
shrubbery,  on  or  near  ground.     Eggs,  May  20  -  June  30. 

*756a.  Willow  Thrush ;  Newfoundland 
Thrush — Hylocichla  fuscescens  salicicola  Ridgway.  Very 
rare  M.  Lowell. 

757.  Gray-cheeked    Thrush— Hylocichla    aticice 
alicice  (Baird).     Scarce  M.     May  13  -  June  3   (18;  Sept.  10  - 
Oct.  9.     Damp  woodland  undergrowth. 

75 7a.  BicknelFs  Thrush— Hylocichla  alicice  bick- 
nelli  Ridgway.  Scarce  M.  May  2  -  30;  Sept.  10  -  Oct.  25. 

758a.  Olive-backed  Thrush ;  Swainson's 
Thrush — Hylocichla  ustuldta  swainsoni  (Tschudi).  Com- 
mon M.  May  3  -  June  7;  Sept.  9  -  Oct.  8  (21.  Open  wood- 
lands, thickets,  and  shrubbery. 


86  BIRDS    OF    EASTERN    MASSACHUSETTS 

759b.  Hermit  Thrush— Hylocichla  guttdta  pdllasi 
(Cabanis).  Common  M.;  scarce  S.  R.  locally  (Essex,  Wor- 
cester, Plymouth,  Barnstable,  and  Dukes  Cos.);  casual  in 
winter.  April  1)  8  -  May  5  (11;  summer;  Sept.  23)  Oct.  5  - 
Nov.  15  (30.  Dry  woodland  undergrowth.  Nest  on  ground. 
Eggs,  June  14. 

761.  Robin — Planesticus  migratorius  migratorius 
(Linne*).  Abundant  M.  and  S.  R. ;  local  W.  R.  on  or  near 
coast.  Mar.  8  -Nov.  23;  winter.  Everywhere, except  deep 
woods  in  breeding  season.  Nest  in  trees,  buildings,  some- 
times on  ground.  Eggs,  April  25  -  July  25  (Oct.). 

763.  Varied  Thrush— Ixoreus  ncevius  (Gmelin).  Ac- 
cidental from  Pacific  Coast.  Ipswich,  Dec. 

765a.  Greenland  Wheatear — Saxicola  cendnthe 
leucorhoa  (Gmelin).  Accidental  V.,  probably  as  a  M.,from 
far  North.  Seen  at  Pigeon  Cove,  Sept.  17,  1910,  by  C.  R. 
Lamb,— Auk,  April,  1912. 

766,  Bluebird — Sidlia  sialis  sialis  (Linne").  Com- 
mon M.  and  S.  R.,  rare  in  W.  Feb.)  Mar.  1  -  Nov.  20  (Dec. 
Orchards,  woodland  edges,  and  trees  in  open  country.  Nest 
in  tree-cavities,  bird-boxes,  etc.  Eggs,  April  15  -  June  5. 


INDEX 


Auk,  Great,  33 
"  Little,  34 
"  Razor-billed,  32 

Avocet,    American,    225 

Baldpate,    137 
Beach-bird,   248 
Beetle-head,    270 
Bittern,  190 

American,    190 
Least,    191 
Blackbird,  Crow,    511,    511b 

Red-winged,     498 
"         Rusty,   509 
Skunk,    494 
Yellow-headed  497 
Black-cap,   Wilson's,    685 
Black-tail,    251 
Blue-bill,  148 

Little,    149 
Bluebird,  766 
Bobolink,   494 
Bob-white,   289 
Booby,    115 
Brant,   173a 

"      Black,    174 
"      Blue,    173a 
"      White-bellied,  173a 
Brant-bird,    243 
Bridge-bird,    456 
Buffle-head,  153 
Bull-head,    270 
Bull-peep,  240,  241 
Bunting,   Bay- winged,   540 

Black- throated,    604 
Indigo,    598 
Lark,  605 
Painted,    601 
Snow,  534 
Burgomaster,    42 
Butcher-bird,    621 
Buzzard,  Turkey,  325 

Calico-bird,   283a 
Canary,  Wild,  529 
Canvas-back,  147,   160 
Cardinal,    593 


Catbird,   704 

Cedar-bird,  619 

Chat,  Yellow-breasted,   683 

Chebec,  467 

Chewink,  587 

Chickadee,  735 

Hudsonian,  740 
Chicken,  Mother  Carey's, 

106,   109 
Chip-bird,    560 
Chuck-will's-widow,  416 
Coot,    221 

'•     American,   221 
"     Black,   163 
"     Gray,  166 
"      White-winged,   165 
Cormorant,  119 

"  Double -crested 

120 

Cowbird,    495 
Crane,  194 

"      Sandhh,,   206 
"      Whooping,  204 
Creeper,  Brown,  726 
Crossbill,  521 

American  Red,  521 
"         White-winged,    522 
Crow,  488 

"      Fish,  490 
Curlew,  Eskimo,  266 
Hen,  264 
Hudsonian,  265 
Long-billed,   264 
Cuckoo,  Black-billed,  388 
Yellow-billed,  387 

Devil-diver,  3 
Dickcissel,  604 
Dipper,  6,  153 
Diver,  Great  Northern,  7 

"      Red-throated,  11 
Dough-bird.    266 
Dove,  [323 -f] 

"     Mourning,   316 

"       Rock,    [323  +  ] 
Dovekie,    34 
Dowitcher,   231 

Long-billed,     232 


88 


INDEX. 


Duck,  Black,   133 
Dusky,    133 
Harlequin,    155 
"      Gray,   135,  143 
Labrador,    156 
Lesser  Scaup,   149 
Long-tailed,    154 
Masked,   168 
Ring-necked,    150 
Ruddy,   167 
Scaup,    148 
Sea,    160 
Summer,     144 
"       Wood,    144 
Dunlin,   243 

American,    243a 
European,    243 

Eagle,   Bald,    352 
"      Golden,    349 
"      White-headed,    352 
Egret,  196 

American,    196 
"       Snowy,    197 
Eider,  160 

American,  160 
"  Greenland,  159 
"  King,  162 

Northern,    159 

Finch,    Grass,    540 
Lark,     552 

Nelson's   Sharp-tailed, 
549.1 

"       Purple,    517 
Fire-hang-bird,    507 
Flicker,  Northern,  412 
Flycatcher,   Acadian,   465 
Alder,    466a 
Crested,     452 
Green-crested, 465 
Least,     467 
Olive-sided,     459 
Yellow-bellied,463 
Frigate-bird,    125 
Fulmar,    86 

Gadwall,  135 
Gallinule,    Florida,   219 
Purple,    218 
Gannet,    117 

Booby,    115 

Gnatcatcher,    Blue-gray,    751 
Godwit,   Hudsonian,    251 

Marbled,    249 
GoMen-eye,    151 

Barrow's,   152 
Goldfinch,    529 

European,    534 


Goosander,    121) 
Goose,   Barnacle,   175 
"       Blue,    170 

Canada,    172 
"      Greater   Snow,    169a 
Hutchin's,    172a 
Lesser  Snow,   169 
Snow,    169 
Solan,    117 

White-fronted,    171a 
Wild,    172 
Goose-bird,    258 
Goshawk,    334 
Grackle,   Bronzed,   511b 
Purple,   511 
Rusty,    509 
Grass-bird,   239 

Hill,    262 
Gray-back,    234 
Grebe,    Holboell's,    2 
"        Horned,  3 

Pied-billed,    6 
"        Red-necked,    2 
Green-back,   272 
Grosbeak,    Blue,    597 

Evening,    514 
Pine,    515 
Rose-breasted,  595 
Ground-bird,    540 
Grouse,    Ruffed,    300 
Guillemot,   30 

Black,    27 

Gull,  Bonaparte's,   60 
'     Burgomaster,   42 
'     Fork-tailed,    62 
'     Glaucous,   42 
'     Gray,    51 

"     Great  Black-backed,  47 
1     Herring,    51 
1     Ivory,  39 
'     Iceland,    43 
Kumlien's,    45   . 
Laughing,    58 
"    Mackerel,    70 
"     Ring-billed,  54 
'     Robber,   37 
'     Sabine's,    62 
"     Saddle-backed,    47 
"     Winter,    40 
Gyrfalcon,    354a 

Black,    354b 
White,   353 

Hag,    89 

"      Black,    95 
Hagdon,    89 
Hair-bird,    560 
Hang-nest,   507 
Harrier,   331 


INDEX. 


89 


Hawk,  Black,     347a 

Broad- winged,  343 
Cooper's,    333 
"      Duck,   358a 
"       Fish,    364 
"       Hen,    337,    339 
"       Marsh,    331 
Mouse,    331 
Pigeon,   332,  357 
Red-shouldered,     339 
"       Red-tailed,    337 

Rough-legged,     347a 
Sharp-shinned,   332 
Sparrow,    360 
"       Swainson's,     342 
Hen,  Fresh-marsh,    208 
"     Heath,  306 
"     Meadow,    214 
"     Salt-marsh,   211 
"     Water,   212 
Hell-diver,    3 
Heron,     Black-crowned 

Night,    202 
"       Great   Blue,    194 
Green,    201 
Little    Blue,    200 
Snowy,    197 
Yellow- crowned 

Night,     203 
Humility,   258 
Hummingbird,     Ruby-throat-, 

Ibis,   Glossy,    186 
"      Wood,    188 
Ice-bird,   31,   32 
Indigo-bird,    598 

Jaeger,    Long- tailed,    38 
"       Parasitic,    37 
"       Pomarine,    36 
Jay,    Blue,    477 

"     Canada,   484 
Jim-Crow,   326 
Junco,    567 

Montana,  567f. 
Slate-colored,  567 

Kestrel,   359.1 
Killdeer,    273 
Kingbird,    444 

Gray,  445 

Kingfisher,    Belted,    390 
Kinglet,  Golden-crowned,  748 

"        Ruby- crowned,   749 
Kite,    Swallow-tailed     327 

"      White-tailed,    328 
Kittiwake,   40 
Knot,   234 
Krieker,  239 


Lark,  Horned,  474 

"      Prairie    Horned,    47  4b 

"      Shore,    474 
Linnet,    Brewster's    528  + 

Red,    517 
Log-cock,  405a 
Longspur,    Chestnut-collared, 

"         Lapland,    536 
Loon,   7 

Black-throated,    9 
Red- throated,    11 
Lord-and-Lady,    155 

Man-o' -war-bird,  128 

Marlin,   Brown,   249 

Marlinspike,   37 

Martin,   Purple,    611 

Meadowlark,  501 

Merganser,   129 

Hooded,     131 
Red-breasted,  130 

Mockingbird,     703 

Mud-hen,    221 

Mud-peep,    242 

Murre,    30,    31 

"       Briinnich's,  31 

Nighthawk,    420 
Nightingale,   Virginia,   593 
Noddy,    86  ._ 

Nuthatch,    Red-breasted,   728 
White -breasted,    727 

Old-squaw,    154 
Old-wife,   154 
Oriole,  Baltimore,   507 
Orchard,    506 
Osprey,   364 
Oven-bird,   674 
Owl,  Acadian,  372 
"    Arctic  Horned,  375b 
"     Barn,  365 
"     Barred,  368 

Burrowing,   378 

Cat,  366 

Great  Gray,   370 

Great  Horned,  375 

Hawk,  377a 

Hoot,   368,   375 

Long-eared,   366 

Marsh,    367 

Mottled,    373 

Pinny,    40 

Red,    373 

Richardson's,  371 

Saw-whet,    372 

Screech,   373 

Short-eared,    36  < 

Snowy,    375b 


90 


INDEX. 


Oyster- catcher,  286 

Pale-belly,   272 
Paroqueet,   13 
Partridge,  300 

Canada    Spruce, 
298o 

Peabody-bird,   558 
Peep,    242,    246 
Pelican,    Brown,    126 
White,    125 
Petrel,  Leach's,  106 
"      Wilson's,   109 
Pewee,  Bridge,   456 

"      Wood,  461 
Phalarope,   Northern,   223 
Red,   222 
Wilson's,    224 
Pheasant,    Ring-necked, 

[306  +  1 
Phoebe,  456 

Say's,   457 

Pigeon,    Domestic,    [323  +  ] 
Passenger,  315 
Wild,  315 
Pintail,    143 
Pipit,    697 
Planting-bird,  705 
Plover,    Beach,    248 

Black-bellied,    270 
Blue,  234 
Chicken,   283a 
Golden,    272 
Green,     272 
Piping,    277 
Red-breasted,  234 
Semipalmated,    274 
Upland,   261 
Wilson's,    280 
Ptarmigan,   Willow,   301 
Puffin,   13 

Quail,  289 

Quail-dove,   Blue-headed,  323 

Quawk,    202 

Rail,  Black,  216 

Carolina,  214 
Clapper,    211 
'       King,    208 
Virginia,    212 
Yellow,   215 
Raven,  Northern,  486a 
Red-bird,   593 
Redhead,   146 
Redpoll,    528 

Greater,    528b 
Hoary,   527a 
Holboell's,    528a 


Redstart,    687 
Ring-neck,   274 

Pale,    277 
Robin,   761 

Golden,  507 
"        Ground,   587 
Ruff,  260 

Sanderling,  248 
Sand-peep,  246 
Sandpiper,  Baird's,  241 

Bartramian,    261 
Bonaparte's,     240 
Buff-breasted,262 
Curlew,  244 
Least,  242 
Pectoral,     239 
Purple,   235 
Red-backed,  243 a 
Semipalmated, 

246 

Solitary,   256 
Spotted,   263 
Stilt,    233 
Western,   247 
Western  Semi- 
palmated,  247 
White -rumped, 

240 

Sapsucker,   Yellow-bellied,402 
Scape-grace,    11 
Scoter,  163 

American,   163 
Black,  163 
Surf,   166 

White-winged,     165 
Sea-dove,  34 
Sea-hen,  36,  37 
Sea-parrot,    13 
Sea-pigeon,    27 
Shag,   119 

Shearwater,  Cory's,  88 
Greater,  89 
Sooty,  95 

Sheldrake,    Pond,    129 
Shoveller,    142 
Shrike,  Migrant,  622e 

Northern,   621 
Northern   Logger- 
head,   622e 
Sickle-bill,   264 
Siskin,    European,    533  + 

Pine,   533 

Skimmer,  Black,  80 
Skua,  35 
Skunk-bird,  166 
Snipe,  Red-breasted,  231 
Rock,    235 
Wilson's,  230 
Winter,  235 


INDEX. 


91 


Snow-bird,  Black,   567 

Snowflake,    534 

Sora,   214 

Sparrow,  Acadian   Sharp- 
tailed,    549.1a 
Brewer's,    562 
Chipping,    560 
English,     [517  +  ] 
Field,    563 
Fox,    585 
Grasshopper,   546 
Henslow's,    547 
House,     [517  +  ] 
Ipswich,    541 
Lark,    552 
Lincoln's,    583 
Nelson's,    549.1 
Savannah,  542a 
Seaside,    550 
Sharp-tailed,    549 
Song,    581 
Swamp,  584 
Tree,    559 
Vesper,    540 
White  -  crowned,  554 
White -throated,  558 
Yellow-winged,  546 

Spoonbill,    142 

Sprigtail,  143 

Stake-driver,   190 

Starling,   493 

Stilt,  Black-necked,  226 

Swallow,  Bank,   616 
Barn,    613 
Chimney,    423 
Cliff,    612 
Eaves,    612 
Fork-tailed,    613 
Sand,    616 
Tree,    614 
White-bellied,     614 

Swift,   Chimney,   423 

Swan,  Trumpeter,   181 
Whistling,    180 

Tanager,  Louisiana,   607 
Scarlet,  608 
Summer,    610 
Western,  607 
Teal,  Blue-winged,  140 
"      European,   138 
"      Green-winged,    139 
Teeter,    263 
Tern,  Arctic,  71 
"      Black,  77 
"      Cabot's,   67 

Caspian,    64 
"      Common,  70 


Tern,   Forster's,   69 
Gull-billed,   63 
Least,  74 
Marsh,    63 
Roseate,  72 
Royal,    65 
Sooty,   75 
Wilson's,  70 
Thrasher,   Brown,  705 
Thrush,   Bicknell's,   757a 
Brown,  705 
Golden-crowned,  674 
"         Gray-cheeked,   757 
Hermit,   759b 
Newfoundland,    756a 
Olive-backed,    758a 
"         Swainson's,  758a 
Varied,    763 
Willow,    756a 
Wilson's,    756 
Wood,  755 
Tinker,  32 
Tip-up,    263 
Titlark,    697 

Titmouse,  Black-capped,  735 
Towhee,    587 
Turkey,   Wild,    310a 
Turnstone,    283 

European,    283 
Ruddy,  283  a 

Veer y,   756 

Vireo,  Blue-headed,  629 

Philadelphia,    626 

Red-eyed,    624 

Solitary,   629 

Warbling,   627 

White-eyed,    631 
Yellow- throated,    628 

Vulture,    Black,    326 
Turkey,   325 
Wagtail,   Waief,    675 
Warbler,  Audubon's,    656 

Bay-breasted,     660 
Black  and  White, 

636 
Black   and    Yellow, 

657 

Blackburnian,    662 
Black-poll,    661 
Black- throated 

Blue,    654 
Black- throated, 

Green,    667 
Blue-winged,   641 
Blue  Yellow-backed, 
648a 
Brewster's,     645 — 


92 


INDEX. 


Warbler,  Canada,  686 

Cape  May,    650 
Cerulean,    658 
Chestnut-sided,     659 
Connecticut,  678 
Golden  -winged,     642 
Hooded,   684 
Kentucky,   677 
Lawrence's,    642  + 
Magnolia,  657 
Mourning,   679 
Myrtle,    655 
Nashville,   645 
Northern   Parula, 

648a 
Orange -crowned, 

646 

Palm,   672 
Pine,   671 
Prairie,  673 
Prothonotary,   637 
Redpoll,    672 
Tennessee,    647 
Usnea,  648a 
Wilson's,   685 
Worm-eating,    639 
Yellow    652 
Yellow   Palm,    672a 
Yellow  Redpoll,  672a 
Yellow-rumped,     655 
Yellow-throated,  663 
Wheatear,   Greenland,   765a 
Woodpecker,  Arctic  Three- 
toed,    400 
Black-backed 
Three-toed,  400 
Downy,  394c 
Hairy,    393 
Golden- winged, 
412 


Woodpecker,   Ladder- 
backed,    401 
Northern   Pile- 
ated,  405a 
"  Pigeon,   412 

Red-headed, 

406 
Red-bellied, 

409 

Three-toed,  401 
Water-Thrush,    675 

Louisiana,    676 
Water -witch,    6 
Wax-wing,   Bohemian,  618 

Cedar,    619 
Whip-poor-will,  417 
Whistler,    151 
Whitey,   248 
Widgeon,  148 

American,   137 
European,   136 
Willet,    258 

Western,   258a- 
Woodcock,   228 

American,   228 
Wren,  Carolina,  718 
"      House,   721 
"      Long-billed  Marsh,  725 
"      Short-billed  Marsh,  724 
"      Winter,  722 

Yellow-bird,   529,   652 

Summer,   652 
Yellow-hammer,    412 
Yellow-legs,   255 

Greater,  254 
"      -       Lesser,  255 
Summer,   255 
Winter,  254 
Yellow -throat,  Maryland,681d 


Seasonal  Charts 

(For  explanation  see  introduction) 


No. 

Name 

Jan 

Feb 

March 

Grebes               < 
Loons 

Auks,  Murres 
&  Puffins.      < 

Skuas    & 
Jaegers 

Gulls   & 
Terns 

Skimmers 

Fulmars, 
Shearwaters,     . 
8t  Petrels 

Gannets 
Cormorants 

Ducks,  Geese      , 
&  Swans 

1 

Holboells   Grebe. 

3 

Horned    Grebe 

k    « 

f     7 

Pied-  Billed  Grebe 
Loon 

- 

• 

— 

n 

r    '3 

Red-throated  Loon. 
Puffin. 

- 

- 

27 

Black  Guillemot 

31 

Brunnichs  Murre 

LL  " 

32 

^4 

Razor-billed  Auk. 

Dovokie 

35 

Skua. 

36 

Pomarine  Jaeger 

37 

Parasitic   Jaeger 

- 

- 

,    38 

Lon^-Tailed  Jaeger 

f  40 

Kittiwake. 

- 

42 

WIOUWU9-    ^Ull 

43 

Iceland  Gull 

45 

fMMII  Iieil5   UUII. 

47 

Great  Black-backed  Gull 

51 

Herring  Gull. 

54 

Ring-billed  Gull 

? 

? 

? 

58 

Laughing  Gull 

60 

Bonaparte's  Gull. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

64 

Caspian  Tern 

,69 

Forster's.  Tern. 

70 

Common  Tern 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-.7! 

Arctic  Tern. 

72 

Roseate  Tern 

74 

Least  Tern. 

i   77 

Black  Tern. 

80 

Black'  Skimmer 

r  86 

Fulmar 

- 

- 

- 

- 

88 

Cory's   Shearwater. 

89 

Greater  Shearwater 

95 

Sooty  Shearwater               * 

-  - 

106 

Leach's    Petrel 

t   109 

Wilson's  Petrel. 

117 

Gannet. 

- 

r    119 

Cormorant. 

[     120 

Double-crested  Cormorant 

f    129 

Merganser 

130 

Red-breasted  Merganser 

131 

Hooded    Merganser 

-  - 

132 

Mallard 

- 

- 

- 

- 



133 

Black  Duck 

135 

Gadwall 

— 

137 

Bald  pate 

— 

139 

Green-winged  Teal. 

140 

Blue-winged  Teal 

L  142 

Shoveller 

April 


May 


June 


July 


Sept 


Oct 


Nov 


Dec. 


No 

Name 

Jan 

Feb. 

Mcrch 

Ducks,  Geese 
&  Swans,              ; 
(continued) 

Herons               < 

Rails,  etc            4 
Phalaropes.-        < 

Sandpipers,  etc.    < 

f  143 

Pintail 

- 

144 

Wood  Duck 

- 

- 

- 

- 

— 

146 

Red  head 

- 

- 

- 

- 

147 

Canvas-  back 

- 

148 

Scaup  Duck 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

149 

Lesser  Scaup  Duck 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

ISO 

Ring-  necked  Duck 

- 

151 

Golden-eye 

152 

Barrows  Golden  -eye 

153 

Buf  fie  -head 

- 

- 

- 

- 



154 

Old-stjuaw 

155 

Harlequin  Duck 

- 

- 

- 

159 

Northern  Eider 

160 

Eider 

162 
163 

King  Eider 
Scoter 

165 
166 

White-winged  Scoter 
Surf  Scoter 

167 

Ruddy  Duck 

- 

172 

Canada  Goose 

173  a 

Brant. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

I    180 

Whistling  Swan. 

f   190 

Bittern 

- 

19i 

Least  Bittern 

194 

Great  Blue  Heron 

- 

196 

Egret. 

201 

Green  Heron 

[    202 

Biack-crowned  Night  Heron 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

-   - 

1212 

Virginia  Rail 

- 

214 

Sora 

215 

Yellow  Rail 

216 

Black  Rail 

2.9 

Florida  GaHinule 

22. 

Coot. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

n1 

f     222 

Red  Phalarope 

- 

— 

223 

Northern  Phalarope 

f  Z28 

Woodcock 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

230 

Wilson's  Snipe 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

231 

Dowitcher 

233 

Stilt  Sandpiper 

E34 

Knot. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

235 

Purple  Sandpiper 

- 

Z39 

Pectoral  Sandpiper 

- 

- 

240 

White-rumped  Sandpiper 

241 

Baird's  Sandpiper 

242 

Least  Sandpiper 

Z43a 

Red-backed  Sandpiper 

- 

Z46 

Semipalmated  Sandpiper 

247 

Western  Sandpiper, 

248 

Sander  ling. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

April 


May 


June 


July 


Aug. 


Sept 


Oct 


Nov 


Dec 


No. 

Name 

Jan. 

Feb. 

March 

;         Sandpipers,  etc.     , 
(continued)        ' 

Plovers                , 

Turnstones 
Grouse                 < 

Pigeons  ,               < 

Hawks  &              , 
Eagles 

Ospreys 
Owls 

Cuckoos                < 
Kingfishers 

(  249 

Marbled  Godwit. 

251 

Hudson  ian  Godwit 

254 

Greater  Yellowlegs. 

255 

Ye  Howlers 

256 

Solitary  Sandpiper 

258 

Willet. 

261 

Upland  Plover 

262 

Buff-  breasted  Sandpiper 

263 

Spotted  Sandpiper 

265 

Hudsonian  Curlew. 

{   266 

Eskimo  Curlew. 

r  270 

Black-bellied  Plover 

272 

Golden  Plover 

273 

Killdeer 

- 

- 

- 

- 

— 

274 

Semipalmated  Plover 

(  277 

Piping  Plover 

283  a 

Ruddy  Turnstone 

f  289 

Bob-white 

300 

Ruffed  Grouse 

306 

Heath  Hen 

l[306r] 

Ring-necked  Pheasant 

f    316 

Mourning  Dove. 

I323tj 

Rock  Dove. 

f  331 

Marsh  Hawk 

- 

- 

- 

- 

332 

Sharp-  shinned  Hawk. 

- 

- 

- 

- 

— 

333 

Coopers  Hawk 

334 

Goshawk 

337 

Red-tailed  Hawk 

339 

Red-shouldered  Hawk 

343 

Broad-winged  Hawk 

347a 

Rough  -legged  Hawk 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

349 

Golden  Eagle 

- 

- 

'     - 

352 

Bald  Eagle 

3563 

Duck  Hawk 

357 

Pigeon  Hawk 

^  360 

Sparrow  Hawk 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

364 

05  prey 

— 

r  366 

Long-eared  Owl. 

367 
368 

Short  -eared  Owl 
Barred  Owl 

~~ 

372 

Saw  -whet  Owl 

373 
375 

Screech  Owl 
Great  Horned  Owl. 

376 

f  387 

Snowy  Owl 
Yellow-billed  Cuckoo 

388 

Black-billed  Cuckoo. 

390 

Belted  Kingfisher 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

^ 

April 


May 


June 


July 


AuS 


Sept 


Oct 


Nov 


Dec. 


No 

Name 

Jan. 

Feb. 

March 

Woodpeckers 

Goatsuckers 

Sw.fts 
Hummingbirds 

Flv  catchers 

Larks                    < 
Crows  &  Jays       < 

Blackbirds 
&0rioles 

Sparrows, 
Finches 
&  Buntings. 

393 

Hairy  Woodpecker. 

394c 

Downy  Woodpecker 

400 

Arctic  Three-toed  Woodpecker 

402 

Yellow-bellied  5apsucker 

406 
412 

Red-  headed  Woodpecker 
Northern  Flicker 

- 

- 

- 

t  4f7 

Whip-poor-will. 

V  420 

Night  hawk 

423 

Chimney  Swift 

428 

Ruby  -throated  Humming  bird 

f  444 

Kingbird 

452 

Crested  Flycatcher 

456 

Phoebe 

- 

- 

- 

— 

459 

Olive-sided  Flycatcher 

461 

Wood  Pewee 

463 

Yellow-bellied  Flycatcher 

466a 

Alder  Flycatcher. 

1    467 

Least  Flycatcher 

474 

Horned  Lark 

(  474b 

Prairie  Horned  Lark 

- 

4/7 

Blue  Jay 

488 

Crow 

(  494 

Bobolink 

495 

Cow  bird 

- 

- 

- 

- 

438 

Red-  winged  Blackbird 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

501 

Meadow  lark 

- 

- 

- 

- 

506 

Orchard  Oriole 

507 

'Baltimore  Oriole 

509 

Rusty  Blackbird 

- 

- 

~ 

- 

511 

Purple  Crackle 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

5ll-b 

Bronzed  Crackle 

- 

— 

— 

- 

- 

f  5(4 

Evening  Grosbeak 

515 

Pine  Grosbeak 

517 

Purple  Finch 

(517  'tj 

House  Sparrow 

521 

Crossbill 

522 

White-winged  Crossbill 

- 

527a 

Hoary  Redpoll 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

528 

Redpoll 

5Z8b 
529 

Greater  Redpoll 
Goldfinch 

533 

Pine  Siskin 

534 

Snow  Bunting- 

536 

Lapland  Longspun 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

540 
541 

Vesper  Sparrow 
Ipswich  Sparrow 

• 

542a 

Savannah  Sparrow. 

546 

Grasshopper  Sparrow. 

547 

Hens  low's  Sparrow 

549 

Sharp-tailed  Sparrow 

- 

- 

— 

- 

- 

^549.1 

Nelsons  Sparrow. 

No. 

Name 

Jan. 

Feb 

Ma 

Wood  Warblers, 
(continued) 

Pipits. 
Thrashers., 

Wren* 

Creepers 

Nuthatches             < 
Chickadees 
Kmjlets                  < 

Thrushes, 

f  673 

Prairie  Warbler 

674 

Oven-bird 

675 

Water-  Thrush- 

678 

Connecticut  Warbler 

679 

Mourning  Warbler 

681 

Maryland  Yel/ow-Tftro-it 

683 

Ye/  low-breasted  Chat 

685 

Wilson's  Warbler 

686 

Canada  Warbler. 

[  687 

Redstart 

697 

Plp'.t. 

!703 

Mockingbird 

- 

- 

704 

Catbird 

705 

Brown  Thrasher 

718 

Carolina  Wren. 

- 

- 

721 

House  Wren 

m 

Winter  Wren 

724 

Short-billed  Marsh  Wren. 

/2S 

Long-billed  Marsh  Wren 

726 

Brown  Creeper 

/2S 

White-breasted  Nuthatch 

(  X28 

735 

Red-  breasted  Nuthatch. 
Chickadee 

— 

— 

- 

— 

— 

— 

—  — 

\  749 

Ruby-crowned  Kinglet. 

755 

Wood  Thrush 

/56 

Veery 

/66a 

willow  Thrush. 

/57 

Gray-cheeked  Thrush 

/5/a 

BicKnells  Thrush 

/58a 

Olive-backed  Tnrush. 

/59b 

Hermit  Thrush 

76  / 

Robin- 

- 

•j 

- 

— 

- 

- 

/66 

Bluebird 

— 

pril 


May 


June 


July 


Aug. 


Sept 


Oct 


Nov 


Dec. 


of  the  biyde — WOLQGT 
Df  eastern  Mass.  UBRAR* 


-     239447 c 


^RARY 


